东莞地区儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查及危险因素分析  

Epidemiological investigation and risk factor analysis of childhood asthma in Dongguan area

作　　者：范雪金[1] 彭琪[1] 陆小梅[1] 赖茂 陈秀英[1] 黎四平[1] 李文瑞[1] 马可泽[1] 何晓光[1] 程庆秋 刘绍基[1] 

机构地区：[1]东莞市儿科研究所、广东医学院附属石龙博爱医院儿科,523325

出　　处：《中华实用儿科临床杂志》2014年第6期443-445,共3页Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

基　　金：广东省卫生厅医学科研基金项目（A2012803）

摘　　要：目的调查东莞地区儿童支气管哮喘（哮喘）的流行现状，分析与哮喘发病相关的危险因素，为本地区儿童哮喘防治工作提供流行病学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，抽取东莞地区0～14岁儿童8680人，进行初筛问卷调查，对可疑对象进行确诊，统计分析儿童哮喘的患病现状；采用病例一对照研究方法对哮喘发病危险因素进行研究，进行单因素分析和Logistic回归分析。结果东莞市0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为3．27％，男、女患病率比为1．43：1．00；哮喘患儿中，0～3岁和6～11岁年龄段儿童患病率最高，分别为4．57％和3．96％；首次发病以3岁内居多[141例（49．6％）]，好发季节为换季时[110例（3886％）]，易发时间无规律者居多[109例（38．45％）]，发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染[264例（92．96％）]。通过对284例哮喘患儿及284例非哮喘儿童的病例．对照研究并对多种因素进行Logistic回归分析，结果显示，以下因素为儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素：家族过敏史（OR=0．586，95％C1：0．353～0．927）、食物过敏史（OR=0．508，95％CI：0．306～0．843）、湿疹（OR=0．302，95％CI：0．163～0．561）、荨麻疹（OR=0．292，95％C1：0．141～0．607）、婴幼儿期使用抗生素（OR=0．377，95％CI：0．169—0．841），差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．001）。结论东莞地区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为3．27％，高于全国水平。增加儿童抵抗力，积极预防呼吸道感染是本地区防治儿童哮喘发病的重要途径。Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of asthma and explore the risk factors of asthma in children of Dongguan, and to provide epidemiological evidence for prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Me- thods A cluster random sampling survey of 8 680 children aged 0 to 14 years from Dongguan was conducted to finish the standardized screening questionnaire for diagnosis of suspicious objects. Asthmatic patients and suspect cases were screened out for further examination. Case-control study and Logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the association of asthma and risk factors. Results The total prevalence rate of asthma in children aged 0 to 14 from Dong- guan was 3.27% , while prevalence ratio between male and female was 1.43 ： 1.00. Among asthmatic children, those aged 0 to 3 years and aged 6 to ll years had the highest prevalence rates with 4.57% and 3.96% ,respectively. Of the 284 cases, 141 （49.6%） had their first asthma attack before the age of 3 years, 1 10（38.86%） suffered from asthma during periods of seasonal change, while 109 （ 38.45% ） had attacks with no obvious regularity of time, and 264 （62.96%） suffered from asthma caused by respiratory tract infection. The case-control study and Logistic regression a- nalysis of the 284 asthma cases and 284 healthy children showed that independent risk factors for asthma in children were as follows ： family history of allergy （ OR = 0. 586,95 % CI： 0. 353 - 0. 927 ）, history of food allergies （ OR = 0. 508, 95 % CI：O. 306 -0. 843 ）, eczema （ OR = 0. 302,95 % CI： 0. 163 - 0. 561 ）, urticarial （ OR = 0. 292,95 % CI：0. 141 - 0. 607） ,use of antibiotics during infants and young children periods （OR = 0. 377,95 % CI： 0. 169 -0. 841 ）, and the differences were all statistically significant（ all P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions The total prevalence rate of asthma in chil- dren aged 0 to 14 from Dongguan was 3.27% ,which was higher than the national level. Increasing children＇s resistance and prev

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 流行病学调查 危险因素 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]