中国古代社会结构变迁的经济学分析——以官—民二重结构的动态博弈为视角  

Economic Analysis on the Change of Ancient Social Structure in China:Dynamic Game of Officer-people Dual-structure as the Central Task

作　　者：兰日旭[1] 张琥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2014年第4期72-79,共8页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2008年重大研究项目"现代财政金融理论的中国渊源-17-19世纪中国财政金融问题及其文献研究"(项目批准号:JJD790123);教育部2011年哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目"中国在对外经济关系中的地位变迁与展型"(批准号:11JHQ030)

摘　　要：秦汉以来,通过官僚阶层去世袭化、其他社会阶层去大工商化措施,中国社会结构逐渐由先秦以经济实力为依托充分、自由发展向官—民二重结构简约化转变。在相对封闭、缺乏周边国家竞争的背景下,官—民结构的变迁就成为秦汉至晚清期间中国社会结构演变的主要格局。官—民之间的合作与不合作动态博弈尽管存在多个均衡,但在多数时间均衡解的显示路径上,官—民双方选择合作。官—民博弈之所以不断出现不合作下的朝代更替,很大程度上是超越"官逼民反"的逻辑,受制于以农业经济为基础的赋税悖论。新朝代尽管对社会结构更替的因素进行某些有针对性地修正,但只要经济基础仍以农业为主的条件没有发生改变,那么官不管如何改进与民的战略,也难以克服特定时间、某些意外性大规模支出引致的赋税悖论,就可能断送官—民博弈中的合作均衡。Since Qing and Han Dynasties, ancient China has experienced transformation from an economic based hierarchical society with various classes into one simply consisting of the governing and the governed, which was achieved by abandonment of inheritance. In a context characterized by relative isolation and lack of competition from neighboring countries, the evolution of the relationship between the governing and the governed dominated the forms of social changes in a long period starting from Qing and Hart dynasties to late Qing dynasty. Although multi- ple and dynamic cooperation/conflict balances did exist regarding their relationship, the governing and the governed chose to corporate in most of the time. However, over-taxation, rather than governing strategy, may have caused conflicts between the governing and the governed and consequently resulted in overthrow of an old dynasty, ctually, vicissitudes of dynasties is unavoidable as long as the economy is agriculture-based. No matter how hard the government improved the governing strategy, it was difficult to maintsin a balance of cooperation when some urgent issues resulted in substantial government expenditures and over-taxation.

关 键 词：二重结构 动态博弈 赋税悖论 朝代更替 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学]