水体中铅对南方鲇和胭脂鱼的生态毒理效应  

The ecotoxicological effects of the water-borne lead(Pb) concentrations on the Southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis) and Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)

作　　者：闫玉莲[1] 邓冬富[1] 彭涛[1] 谢小军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院水生生物及水环境研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2014年第2期30-35,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31300338);重庆市自然科学基金重点资助项目(cstc2013jjB80008);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(XDJK2013C056)

摘　　要：研究了水体中铅(Pb)对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼和和胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)幼鱼的生态毒性效应。以人工配制软水(CaCO325 mg/L)为实验水体,在27.5℃条件下,通过急性暴露实验,测得水体中Pb对南方鲇和胭脂鱼的96 h急性半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为4.47 mg/L和0.264 mg/L。在水体中不同Pb浓度条件下,分别对南方鲇(在0、200和400μg/L的Pb浓度下)和胭脂鱼(在0、10和50μg/L的Pb浓度下)进行了为期8周的慢性暴露处理实验。观测结果显示,南方鲇和胭脂鱼的肝脏、肾脏和鳃中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性均随水体中Pb浓度升高而升高。两种实验鱼的静止代谢率和肝脏(或肝胰脏)的线粒体状态3呼吸率均随着水体中Pb浓度的升高而逐渐升高;鱼体内的能量储备物质也会发生相应的改变,肝脏中糖原含量随Pb暴露浓度的升高而呈下降趋势。两种实验鱼的特定体重生长率均随Pb暴露浓度的升高而逐渐下降,高浓度处理组均显著高于对照组。结果表明:南方鲇对Pb的耐受能力较强;胭脂鱼对Pb的耐受能力很低,在水体Pb的慢性暴露处理下,两种鱼的生长速率均会受到不同程度的抑制。The ecotoxicological effects of water-borne lead （Pb） in artificial soft water （25 mg CaCO3/L） on the southern catfish （Silurus meridionalis） and the Chinese sucker （Myxocyprinus asiaticus） were observed at 27.5 ~C. The median le- thal concentration of S. meridionalis and M. asiaticus in 96 hours （96 h LCso） were 4. 47 and 0. 264 mg/L respectively in a- cute toxicity experiment. The toxic effects of Pb at control, medium and high concentrations on S. meridionalis （0, 200 and 400 ~g Pb/L） and M. asiaticus （0, 10 and 50 p^g Pb/L） were examined after 8-week chronic exposure experiment. The activities of Glutathione S Transferases （GST） in liver （hepatopancreas）, gill and kidney of the tested fish increased with Ph concentration increasing. Both the resting metabolic rates of individuals and mitochondrial state 3 respiration rates of liver （or hepatopancreas） increased with Pb concentration increasing. Meanwhile, energy storage changed accordingly. The glycogen content in liver （hepatopancreas） decreased with Pb exposure concentrations increasing. The specific growth rates of all fish decreased with Pb concentration increasing, and the values in high Pb groups were significantly lower com- pared with control groups, respectively. It was suggested that S. meridionalis had high tolerance for lead toxicity. On the contrary, M. asiaticuz had low tolerance for lead toxicity. With the chronic treatment of water-borne Pb exposure, the growth rates of the two species were depressed at different degree.

关 键 词：铅 代谢 生长率 南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis) 胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus) 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源] X171.5[农业科学—水产科学]