水稻-油菜轮作条件下磷肥效应研究  

Analysis of P Fertilizer Efficiency Under Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System

作　　者：卜容燕[1] 任涛[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 李小坤[1] 丛日环[1] 李云春[1] 汪洋[1] 鲁君明 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]洪湖市大同湖管理区农业服务中心,湖北洪湖433221

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第6期1227-1234,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目课题(2010BAD01B05);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2013PY113)

摘　　要：【目的】采用田间裂区试验研究不同磷肥用量对水稻-油菜轮作体系中作物产量、磷素吸收量以及磷肥当季利用率和残留利用率的影响,评估水稻季不同磷肥用量对油菜的后效大小,探讨周年轮作内磷肥的分配,为水稻-油菜周年轮作体系下油菜季磷肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】采用水稻-油菜周年轮作田间试验,前季水稻包含4个不同的磷肥水平,分别为P0(0 kg P2O5·hm-2)、P30(30 kg P2O5·hm-2)、P60(60 kg P2O5·hm-2)和P90(90 kg P2O5·hm-2),后季油菜在水稻季试验基础上采用裂区试验,每个小区裂区为施磷(60 kg P2O5·hm-2)和不施磷(0 kg P2O5·hm-2)2个副区,研究不同施磷条件下水稻-油菜轮作体系中作物产量、磷素吸收量、磷肥当季利用率和残留利用率,以及水稻季不同磷肥用量对后季油菜产量和磷素吸收量的影响,并引入"后效磷量"的概念评估水稻季磷肥后效。【结果】水稻季施磷60 kg P2O5·hm-2时水稻产量最高,磷肥当季利用率最大,分别为9 694 kg·hm-2和19.2%,施磷不足或者过量均会降低油菜的产量和磷肥当季利用率。与油菜季不施磷处理相比,油菜当季施磷60 kg P2O5·hm-2显著增加油菜干物质量765—1 195 kg·hm-2,其中油菜籽增产427—503 kg·hm-2;油菜产量和磷素吸收量也受到水稻季磷肥用量的影响,水稻季施用磷肥后季油菜干物质量显著增加212—816 kg·hm-2,其中油菜籽粒增产136—409kg·hm-2,磷素吸收量增加0.4—4.9 kg·hm-2。水稻季残留在土壤中磷肥可以供后季油菜吸收利用,增加油菜当季磷肥的农学效率和磷肥贡献率,具有明显的后效。水稻季磷肥当季利用率16.3%—19.2%,残留利用率为5.4%—7.3%,累积利用率为21.8%—25.6%,磷肥的后效与磷肥用量显著正相关,水稻季磷肥后效相当于油菜当季施磷2—9 kg P2O5·hm-2的增产效果。水稻季磷肥后效也受到油菜季磷肥用量的影响,油菜季施磷处理水稻磷肥对油菜�[ Objective ] A split field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different P fertilizer application rates on crop yield, P uptake, P recovery efficiency and residual efficiency under annual rice-rapeseed rotation. The effects of residual P in rice season on rapeseed yields and crop P uptakes were evaluated to explore the distribution of P fertilizer in annual rice-rapeseedrotationfor the purpose of optimization of P fertilization strategy in rice-rapeseed rotation. [Method] An annual rice-rapeseed field experiment was conducted in Honghu County, Hubei province from May, 2010 to May, 201 l. In rice season, there were four different P application rates treatment （P0, 0 PzOs, P30, 30 kg P2Os＇hma, P60, 60 kg P2Os＇hm-2 and P90, 90 kg P2Os.hmZ）, while in later rapeseed season, the original P application rate treatments were split into two sub-treatments （with P fertilization treatment, 60 kg P2Os＇hm-z, and without P fertilization treatment, 0 kg P2Os-hm-Z）. Besides crop yield, crop P uptake, P recovery efficiency and residual P utilization efficiency under different P treatments were analyzed, the concept of ＂the substitute rate of P fertilizer＂ was adopted to estimate the residual effects of P fertilizer applied in rice season on the rapeseed yield. [Result] Reasonable P fertilization substantially increased the yield of the rice and rapeseed. Crop yield and P recovery efficiency in rice season were the highest in Pr0 treatment, with the average of 9 694 kg.hm2 and 19.2%, respectively. Insufficient or excessive P fertilization decreased rice yield and P recovery efficiency. Compared with without P fertilization treatment in rapeseed season, rapeseed dry matter increased significantly, ranging from 756 to 1 195 kg.hm2 in P fertilization treatment; while seed yields were also improved, ranging from 427 to 503 kg＇hmz. P fertilizer applied in rice season significantly affected the seed yield and crop nutrient uptake of the following rapeseed. In contrast to the plots without P fertilizati

关 键 词：水稻一油菜轮作 磷肥利用率 磷肥后效 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]