地力水平和种植密度对冬小麦子粒产量和氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Fertility Level and Plant Density on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：肖丽丽[1] 代兴龙[1] 孔海波[1] 王月超[1] 李传兴[1] 李华英[1] 贺明荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东省作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第8期2239-2242,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118602);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096)

摘　　要：[目的]旨在探讨不同地力水平下冬小麦子粒产量和氮素利用率对种植密度的响应并分析子粒产量和氮素利用率协同提高的途径,为制定冬小麦高产高效栽培管理措施奠定理论基础。[方法]试验在高、低两个地力条件下进行,以大穗型冬小麦品种泰农18为试验材料,设置135万、270万和405万株/hm23个种植密度,研究地力水平和种植密度对子粒产量及构成、氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率和氮素利用率等相关指标的影响。[结果]高地力水平下子粒产量高于低地力水平,但氮素利用效率和氮素利用率均较低。各地力水平下,提高种植密度可显著提高冬小麦穗数和子粒产量,提高成熟期地上部氮素积累量和氮素吸收效率,但氮素收获指数和氮素利用效率随种植密度上升呈下降趋势,增密对子粒含氮量无显著影响。各地力水平下增密后氮素吸收效率增加的幅度远高于氮素利用效率降低的幅度,所以氮素利用率随着种植密度的提高而呈上升趋势。低地力水平下增密后子粒产量和氮素利用率提高的幅度均高于高地力地块。[结论]在高、低地力水平下,增加种植密度均可提高子粒产量和氮素利用率,有利于实现冬小麦的高产高效栽培,且低地力水平下增密后子粒产量和氮素利用率的增幅高于高地力水平。[ Objective ] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fertility level and plant density on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） of winter wheat. [ Method] The cultivar Tainong 18 was used under low and high fertility levels in this study with plant densities of 1.35, 2.70 and 4.05 million/hm2. The responses of grain yield, N uptake efficiency （UPE）, N utilization efficiency （UTE） and NUE to fertility level and plant density were investigated. [ Result] High fertility observed h!gher grain yield but lower UTE and NUE. Under both low and high fertility levels, increasing plant density significantly increased the grain yield through increasing spikes per unit area; increased the UPE mainly resulting from the increase in above-ground N uptake （AGN） but decreased the UTE due to the reduced N harvest index （NHI）. Plant density showed no effects on the grain N concentration. The increase in UPE offset and exceeded the reduction in UTE and a higher NUE was achieved consequently. The proportion of increased grain yield and NUE with plant density increasing with low fer- tility level was relatively higher than that with high fertility level. [ Conclusion ] Both grain yield and NUE was increased with the plant density increasing under low and high fertility levels. Furthermore, the yield and NUE responded better to plant density with low fertility than that with high fertility.

关 键 词：地力水平 种植密度 冬小麦 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]