低强度林火对兴安落叶松群落更新的影响  

Effect of Low-intensity Forest Fires on the Community Regeneration of Larix gmelinii

作　　者：杜嘉林[1,2] 胡海清[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省森林保护研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第8期2368-2370,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省科技厅重点攻关项目(GB05B602);国家林业局科技司标准项目(2008-LY-148)

摘　　要：依据地表可燃物损耗量确定林火强度的基础上,对大兴安岭新林区落叶松林混交林的低强度林火迹地更新状况进行3 a连续调查和比较分析研究,寻求自然条件下林火对兴安落叶松群落的影响规律,为今后开展林火促进更新方面的效益评价提供科学依据。结果表明:在3 a调查的15块落叶松林标准地585个样方中,发现林缘中实生幼苗有12.64株/m2,株数较多,占更新频度39%;空地中实生幼苗有9.51株/m2,株数较多,占更新频度29%;疏林地中实生幼苗有6.40株/m2,株数居中,占更新频度20%;林地中实生幼苗有3.05株/m2,株数较少,占更新频度9%;成熟林中实生幼苗有0.97株/m2,株数最少,占更新频度3%。通过更新均值分析可反映低强度林火对林型更新影响大小为林缘、空地、疏林地、林地、成熟林。通过同比分析可反映不同林型间的更新差异,揭示了在3 a中不同林型更新状况及过程,即更新的扩展性、更新的竞争性、更新的过渡性、更新的艰难性。通过环比分析可消除更新均值带来的误导,表明低强度林火的影响特性,即低强度林火后1 a为更新最佳状态,2 a、3 a更新均低于平均速率。综上所述这些特性对计划用火促进更新具有指导意义。Low-intensity forest fire community regeneration rate of mixed deciduous pine forest at Xinlin district, Daxinganling region were investigated and analyzed for 3 years on the base of intensity of forest fires, to find out the affection of forest fire on deciduous pine community, provide a scientific basis for future benefit assessment conducted to promote forest fire update regard. The result indicates that ：585 quadrates of 15 standard larch forest were investigated in 3 years, and 12.64 seedlings/m^2 were found at forest edge, account for 39% of update frequency ,9.51 seedlings/m2 were found at open space, account for 29% of update frequency, 6.40 seedlings/m2 were found at open stand, account for 20% of update frequency, 3.05 seedlings/m2 were found at forest, account for 9% of update frequency, 0.97seedlings/m2 were found at mature forest, account for 3% of update frequency. The average renewal rate of larch seedling can reflect the affection of low-intensity forest fire on community regeneration, is forest edge 〉 open space 〉 open stand 〉 forest 〉 mature forest. The together analysis result can reflect the renew difference between different forest types, include updated scalability, competitive, transitional and difficulty. And the chain analysis result can eliminate the misleading of renew rate. The results have reflected the affect of low-intensity forest fire on forest renew characters, the characters are ： 1 year after low-intensity forest fire is the best renew statue of forest, and the renew rate of 2 and 3 years are below the average rate. In conclusion, these results can provide more instructive suggestions for plan fire.

关 键 词：低强度林火 群落更新 更新速率 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]