母乳喂养与家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应  

Interaction effect of breastfeeding and domesticated fur pet on children's asthma and asthma related symptoms

作　　者：刘洋[1] 黄美梦[1] 孙晶[1] 刘玉芹[1] 赵洋[1] 任万辉[2] 董光辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计教研室,辽宁沈阳110001 [2]沈阳市环境监测中心站

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第3期328-331,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家人力资源和社会保障部留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(2013LX001);中华环境保护基金项目(CEPF2008-123-1-5;CEPF2011-123-2-7)

摘　　要：目的探讨母乳喂养与家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响，以及对儿童呼吸系统健康的交互效应。方法在沈阳市各个行政区整群随机抽取2所幼儿园和1所小学，抽取10所幼儿园和5所小学共8212名儿童。采用国际统一的标准问卷对儿童的喂养方式、居住环境及呼吸系统疾病与症状等状况进行调查。结果沈阳市儿童母乳喂养率为78．87％；目前暴露家养皮毛宠物的儿童占14．56％；3．40％的儿童在母亲怀孕期间曾经暴露家养皮毛宠物。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，母乳喂养可降低儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的风险；而暴露家养皮毛宠物与儿童哮喘及其相关症状存在正相关，且随着与家养皮毛宠物接触的程度越密切，儿童患有哮喘及其相关症状的风险性也越高。与未暴露宠物且母乳喂养的儿童相比，单纯非母乳喂养可使儿童患有哮喘的风险增高27％（OR=1．27，95％CI=1．00—1．61）；单纯暴露皮毛宠物使儿童患有哮喘的风险性增高51％（OR：1．51，95％CI=1．15—1．97）；而同时暴露于2个因素对哮喘的风险性增高了147％（OR=2．47，95％CI=1．66—3．66）；宠物暴露和母乳喂养对儿童的哮喘存在一定的相加效应，但两者的相乘效应未达到统计学水平（P〉O．05）。结论母乳喂养可降低皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响效应，但两者并不存在显著的相乘效应。Objective To investigate the breastfeeding and domesticated pets fur on children＇s asthma and asthma related symptoms, and to further evaluate their interaction. Methods Using a cluster random sampling method, 1 elementary school and 2 kindergartens were randomly selected from each district of Shenyang. The resulting 5 elementary and 10 kindergardens were includ- ed. The information about the type of feeding up, living environment and respiratory diseases were collected by an international standard questionnaire. Results Children breastfeed rate was 78.87%; children exposed to domestic pet fur accounted for 14.56% ; 3.40% mothers were exposed to domestic pet＇s fur during pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding can significantly reduce children with asthma and asthma symptoms risk; There was significant positive correlation with the level of exposure of domesticated pets fur and children suffering from asthma and asthma related symptoms, and with the more close contact with domestic fur pet, children with the higher risk of asthma and related symptoms.As compared with unexposed pets but breastfeeding children, un-breastfeeding alone increased the risk of asthma 27% （ OR= 1.27; 95%CI： 1.00-1.61 } ; exposed pet fur alone increased the risk of asthma 51% （ OR = 1.51 ; 95%C1：1.15-1.97） ; but exposed these two factors increased the risk of asthma147% （OR= 2.47; 95%CI： 1.66-3.66）showed that exposed pet and breastfeeding have an interaction on an additive scale, but the effect does not reach the multiplication effect of both the significance level （ P〉0.05 ）. Conclusion Breastfeeding can significantly reduce the influence of pet fur on children＇s respiratory system diseases effect, but breasffeeding and domesticated pets fur for asthma and asthma related symptoms in children do not affect multiplication effect significantly.

关 键 词：母乳喂养 动物 家养 哮喘 儿童 

分 类 号：R174.4[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R562.25[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]