尼克松政府对生化武器的政策与《禁止生物武器公约》  

The Nixon Administration's Policy on Biological and Chemical Weapons and the Biological Weapons Convention

作　　者：刘磊[1] 黄卉[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学,江苏南京210093 [2]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《史学月刊》2014年第4期62-71,136,共11页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目“美国战略学研究与美国核战略思想的演变(1945~1969)”(2013M531309)

摘　　要：1969年,美国尼克松政府上台后,出于国内外政策的考虑,与苏联进行了多项双边与多边军备控制与裁军谈判。生物与化学武器控制与裁军也成为其中一项重要内容。尼克松政府经过研究决定全面放弃生物和毒素武器以及首先使用化学武器的权利,只保留有限的化学报复能力及防御性生化研发项目,并决定批准禁止使用毒气及细菌战争手段的1925年日内瓦议定书,但不把催泪瓦斯和除草剂列入禁止范围。在这一政策背景下,美国与苏联、英国等联合,成功地促成了《禁止生物武器公约》。Since the Nixon Administration took power in America, they started a series of negotiations with the Soviet Union on arms control and disarmament including the biological and chemical arms control and disarmament for the objective of detente. After the policy review, the Nixon Administration decided to renounce the use of any biological and toxin weapons and the first use of chemical weapons, only maintain chemical weapons for the purpose of deterrence and retaliation and the biological and toxin R＆D program for defensive purpose and prepared to ratify the Geneva Protocol of 1925 which prohibits the first use of poisonous and other gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare. Under this circumstance,the U. S. government cooperated with the UK and Soviet Union to reach the Biological Weapons Convention successfully.

关 键 词：尼克松政府 生化武器 毒素武器 1925年日内瓦议定书 《禁止生物武器公约》 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论] K712[历史地理—历史学]