氯化铵应用研究进展  

Research on the application of ammonium chloride

作　　者：孙明帅[1] 王富民[1] 蔡旺锋[1] 张旭斌[1] 贾志方 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津临港高新技术发展有限公司,天津临港300457

出　　处：《化工进展》2014年第4期999-1005,共7页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家973计划(2012CB720302);长江学者及创新团队发展计划(IRT0936);新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目

摘　　要：在中国,氯化铵主要用作氮肥,附加值很低,严重制约了联碱企业的经济效益,而且存在氯资源浪费、长期施用易造成土壤板结等问题。文章分析了中国在氯化铵应用中的不合理状况,介绍了国内外氯化铵应用工艺研究现状,对以氯化铵为原料制取氨气、氯化氢、氯气、氯代烃等其他化工产品的工艺进行了分析比较,表明以氯化铵为原料制备氨气、氯化氢或氯气的工艺虽然在特定领域有着一定的应用,但并不适合从整体上解决中国数量庞大的氯化铵出路问题。提出了氯化铵参与乙炔氢氯化和乙烯氧氯化合成氯乙烯的工艺路线,能够充分利用氯化铵中的氯资源并产出高附加值的氯乙烯产品,对解决中国氯化铵不合理利用现状具有重要的参考和指导意义。Ammonium chloride is mainly used as a nitrogen fertilizer in China, low value-added, which has seriously compromised the economic benefits of alkali enterprises. There are many problems associated, such as the waste of chlorine resources, soil compaction easily led by long-term application and other issues. This paper analyzes the unreasonable application situation of ammonium chloride application in our country, and introduces the application processes at home and abroad. Processes of using ammonium chloride as raw material for preparing ammonia, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, chlorinated hydrocarbons and other chemical products are compared. It shows that although there is a certain application processes using ammonium chloride as raw material for preparing hydrogen chloride or chlorine in specific areas, they are not able to solve all problems in a huge number of ammonium chloride enterprises in our country. At the end of this article, we propose the vinyl chloride synthesis process route with ammonium chloride participation in the hydrochlorination of acetylene and the oxychlorination of ethylene, which can fully transform the chlorine resources of ammonium chloride into high value-added output of vinyl chloride. It provides an important reference and guidance on solving the irrational use of ammonium chloride in our country.

关 键 词：氯化铵 氨气 氯化氢 氯代烃 

分 类 号：TQ441.13[化学工程—化学肥料工业]