不同秧龄下氮肥运筹对杂交稻枝梗和颖花分化及退化的影响  

Effects of Different Transplanting Seedling Ages and Nitrogen Managements on Differentiation and Retrogression of Branches and Spikelets of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：吕腾飞[1,2] 周伟[2,3] 孙永健[1,2] 秦俭[1,2] 朱懿[1,2] 杨志远[1,2] 马均[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所 [2]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 [3]四川农业大学农学院,四川温江611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2014年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B05;2012BAD04B13;2013BAD07B13);四川省育种攻关专项(2011NZ0098-15)

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同秧龄和氮肥运筹对杂交稻颖花分化及退化的影响。【方法】以四川主推品种F优498为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,主区为35、50和65d3种移栽秧龄,副区为总施氮量的0%、20%、40%以及60%4种穗肥比例运筹。【结果】随着移栽秧龄的延长,一、二次枝梗及其颖花分化和现存数逐渐增加,二次颖花退化数极显著降低。由穗基部至顶部,各处理水稻二次枝梗现存数、二次颖花分化数和现存数呈双峰曲线趋势,二次枝梗分化数逐渐减少而退化数则先降后升;二次颖花退化数在基部第2位点最多,第6位点退化则相对较少。50d和65d秧龄下,40%穗肥的处理最不利于水稻二次枝梗和颖花的分化;35d移栽秧龄下,穗肥比例为40%或60%时,枝梗和颖花的分化数和现存数较多;就产量而言,随着穗肥比例提高,产量逐渐增加,且施用穗肥处理的产量明显高于无穗肥处理。【结论】为获得更多的枝梗和颖花,促进大穗的形成,在50d和65d移栽秧龄下不应采用40%穗肥比例这种运筹方式,35d移栽秧龄下则应重施穗肥。[Objective] To investigate the effects of different transplanting seeding ages and nitrogen managements on the differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets of hybrid rice. [Method] This experiment used F you 498 as materials and was designed as split plot with trans- planting seeding ages （35, 50 and 65 d） as main plot and nitrogen application strategy （0 panicle fertilizer, 20~ panicle fertilizer, 400/oo panicle fertilizer and 60~ panicle fertilizer） as sub-plot. [Results] With the seedling age grew longer, the number of differentiated and survived primary and secondary branches increased gradually, so were the spikelets, while as the retrograde number of secondary spikelets, it decreased significantly. From panicle base to top, the differentiated secondary branches number and the differentiated and survived secondary spikelets number of all treatments showed a double-peak curve trend, when the differentiated secondary branches number decreased, the number of retrograde secondary branches increased at the beginning and decreased afterwards. At the 2nd locus from the bottom, the secondary spikelets retrograded seriously, while at the 6th locus, the retrogradation was relatively less. At 50 and 65 d seedling age, the treatment with no panicle fertilizer was bad for the differentiated of branches and spikelets. At 35 d seedling age, when panicle fertilizer ratio was 40% or 60%, branches and spikelets differentia- ted and survived well. As for grain yield, when panicle fertilizer ratio grew, the grain yield would increased gradually and the grain yields of treatments with panicle fertilizer applied were higher than those with no panicle fertilizer. [Conclusion] In order to obtain more branches and spikelets and promote large panicle formation, the treatment of 40% panicle fertilizer should not used during the 50 and 65 d seedling age , while 35 and 50 d seedling age should be supplied more panicle fertilizer.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 移栽秧龄 氮肥运筹 穗部特征 位点 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]