“新组织”和“小组织”困境——基于组织健康免疫捍卫机制的研究  

The Liability of Newness and Smallness:Based on the Perspective of Immunity Safeguarding Mechanism of Organizational Health

作　　者：杨震宁[1] 李德辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际商学院,北京100029

出　　处：《经济管理》2014年第4期59-72,共14页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"不确定技术变革条件下的产业追赶机制研究:以中国(后发国家)的家电和汽车制造业为例"(12YJC790235);国家社会科学基金重大项目"‘十二五'时期我国发展的创新驱动战略研究"(11&ZD004);对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"‘走出去'背景下中国企业创新能力提升战略创新团队"(CXTD-4-07)

摘　　要："新组织"和"小组织"遇到的发展困境问题在组织理论中有不同的解释,理论发展中主要关注组织年龄、组织规模与组织消亡之间关系的讨论。虽然,组织消亡的记录为"新组织"和"小组织"困境研究留下了实证的证据,但是,更有意义的研究需要从"组织健康和发展"的视角着手,对组织遇到的发展困境问题给予关注和重视。本研究通过文献回顾和理论建构过程,讨论组织健康和组织免疫行为的理论维度,开发、纯化了"组织健康(SFSE)"和"组织免疫行为(SDM)"量表,并对量表进行信度和效度检验,进而构建组织健康的免疫动态捍卫机制。在SFSE和SDM量表的开发与验证基础上,从组织社会生态的视角,利用调节层次回归(MMR)的方法验证三个控制变量(竞争环境的生态密度、产业生命周期、行业类型)和两个调节变量(组织年龄、组织规模)对组织免疫行为(组织监视、组织防御、组织记忆)和组织健康的相关理论维度(结构均衡性、功能活跃性、社会和谐性、环境适应性)的影响作用,这样的讨论有助于解释不同性质的组织在组织健康捍卫过程中的差异,从而对"新组织"和"小组织"困境问题给予新的理论解释。The phenomenon of ＂Liability of newness＂ and ＂Liability of smallness＂ has the different explana- tion in the organizational theory, it＇ s mainly research concentrates in the discussion of which to the relationship of organizational age, organizational scale and organizational failure by scholar Hannan and Freeman. Although, the record of organizational failure was ＂Liability of newness＂ and ＂Liability of smallness＂ has left behind the empirical evidence to research, but more meaningful research need to begin from organizational health and development, to meet the question of development difficult of the organization to be paid attention. The research through the litera- ture review and the theory construction process to discuss theory dimensions of organizional health and organizational immunity behavior, to develop and purify the SFSE and SDM scale, and to carry on the reliability and validity ex- amination, then to construct immunity dynamic safeguarding mechanism of organizational health. Mainly taken questionnaire issued in the field and by e-mail, questionnaires were distributed 850 （275 copies were issued in the field and which were distributed by e-mail are 575 ） , we got 495 copies of questionnaires, and we excluded obvious common sense and do not meet too many missing values level positions invalid questionnaires which does not meet the study criteria. Ultimately effective copies of questionnaires were 323. The effective re- sponse rate was 38%. Using of Exploratory Factor Analysis （EFA） for the extraction of latent variables, we veri- fied the construct validity of the data using the software SPSS13.0. The research has shown that the data has good construct validity. Using multiple level regression to test of variables＇ affect level, multivariate level regression model where only one value as a variable input to use the factor scores of each latent variable as an alternative （ in which the dependent variable of organizational health of the second-order factor scores, three

关 键 词：“新组织”困境 “小组织”困境 组织健康 组织免疫行为 层次回归 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]