三种阔叶林凋落物对下层土壤养分的影响  

Effects of litter decomposition on soil nutrients in three broad-leaved forests

作　　者：陈国平[1] 程珊珊[1] 丛明旸 刘静[1] 高鑫 王晖 石福臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]天津市野生动植物保护管理站,天津300074

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第4期874-879,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1103503);国家科技部基础专项(2011FY110300);天津市野生资源植物调查项目资助

摘　　要：对天津八仙山国家级自然保护区3种典型阔叶林,即栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)林、核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)林、槲栎(Quercus aliena)林凋落物的未分解层、半分解层及下层土壤的养分进行分析,结果表明:(1)在凋落物的未分解层,C含量槲栎林最高为486.1 g·kg-1,栓皮栎林最低为447.5 g·kg-1。N、P含量核桃楸林均最高,分别为17.9和1.2 g·kg-1,槲栎林最低为13.2和0.8 g·kg-1;半分解层,C、P含量三者差异不显著,N含量以槲栎林最高为17.1 g·kg-1,栓皮栎林最低为10.5 g·kg-1。土壤C、N、P含量差异显著(P<0.05),均表现出槲栎林最高,栓皮栎林最低。表明槲栎林自肥能力较强,土壤养分状况良好。(2)C/N、C/P值,在凋落物未分解层中,核桃楸林均小于栓皮栎林和槲栎林,而在半分解层中,3种林分无明显差异;从未分解层到半分解层,栓皮栎林的C/N、C/P值分别下降了17%和11%,槲栎林分别下降了19%和35%,而核桃楸林无明显变化。(3)矿质营养元素含量在凋落物未分解层中按照核桃楸林、栓皮栎林、槲栎林的顺序递减,矿质营养元素含量越大其pH值越接近中性;各林分凋落物矿质营养元素积累总量顺序为:栓皮栎林>槲栎林>核桃楸林。Nutrients in soils of Quercus variabilis forest, Juglans mandshurica forest and Q. aliena forest in Baxian Mountain National Nature Reserve in Tianjin were measured as affected by different litter layers： fresh litter, halfdecomposed litter and soils. The results showed that in the fresh litter, C content was highest in the Q. aliena forest （486.1 g·kg-1） and lowest in the Q. variabilis forest （447.5 g·kg-1）, and N and P contents were highest in the J. mandshurica forest （17.9 and 1.2 g·kg-1） and lowest in the Q. aliena forest （13.2 and 0.8 g·kg-1）. In the halfdecomposed litter, C and P contents were not significantly different among the three forests; N content was highest in the Q. aliena forest （17.1 g·kg-1） and lowest in the Q. variabilis forest （10.5 g·kg-1）. The contents of C, N and P varied in the soils of the different forests： Q. aliena forest 〉 J. mandshurica forest 〉 Q. variabilis forest. In the fresh litter, C/N and C/P were significantly lower in J. mandshurica forest than in Q. aliena forest and Q. variabilis forest; in the halfdecomposed layer, C/N and C/P were not significantly different among the three forests. From the fresh layer to the halfdecomposed layer of litter, C/N and C/P were decreased by 17% and 11% in Q. variabilis forest, by 19% and 35% in Quercus aliena forest, but not significantly different in J. mandshurica forest. The mineral element content in the fresh litter tended to decrease from J. mandshurica forest, to Q. variabilis forest, and Q. aliena forest; pH increased with increasing the mineral element content. The order of total content of mineral element in the litter was Q. variabilis forest 〉 Q. aliena forest 〉 J. mandshurica forest.

关 键 词：凋落物分解 土壤养分 栓皮栎林 槲栎林 核桃楸林 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]