哈尔滨中心城区杂草物种多样性及其在异质生境中的分布特征  

Ruderal species diversity and distribution in heterogeneous habitats of the urban area of Harbin

作　　者：陈晓双[1] 梁红[1,2] 宋坤[1] 达良俊[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200241 [2]青岛农业大学园林与林学院,山东青岛266109 [3]浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第4期946-952,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(40971041)资助

摘　　要：本研究调查了哈尔滨中心城区杂草的物种多样性和分布特征,旨在探索城市化背景下杂草对高度异质生境的适应策略。结果表明:1)哈尔滨中心城区共有杂草175种,隶属于38科128属;高比例的单属种及丰富的地理成分,反映了哈尔滨城区生境的高度异质化;2)森林和灌草丛空隙、废弃地以及道路缝隙是城市杂草的主要生存空间,城市生境的不稳定及异质化使得杂草生存空间缩小;3)可塑性高和生活史周期短的广布性杂草一般对高频度与高强度的人为干扰具有较强的适应性;4)根据生境情况和适应特征,175种城市杂草可划分为广适型、阴湿型、中生型和耐践踏-刈割型4个种组。To explore the adaptive strategy of ruderal species in response to highly heterogeneous habitats in the context of urbanization, diversity and distribution of ruderal species were investigated in the urban area of Harbin City. The results showed that there were 175 ruderal species in the urban area of Harbin, belonging to 38 families and 128 genera, with a large proportion as monotypicgenus and geographically diverse types reflecting a substantially heterogeneous habitat condition. Ruderal species in the urban area resided mainly on gaps of forests and shrub-grasslands, abandoned fields and roadsides, indicating a progressively declined living space with increased heterogeneity and unstability. The widespread ruderal species with strong plasticity and short life cycle exhibited a relatively great tolerance with respect to intensive and frequent human disturbance. Based on their habitat properties and adaptive ability, the 175 urban ruderal species could be classified into four ecological groups： eurytopic species, shady and wettolerant species, mesophytic species, and trample and mowingtolerant species.

关 键 词：l城市植被 城市杂草 土地利用 适应策略 生境异质化 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]