气候因子和水位变化对鄱阳湖东方白鹳越冬种群数量的影响  

The effects of climate and water level fluctuation on the wintering population of Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) in Poyang Lake

作　　者：李言阔[1] 单继红[2,3] 马建章[2] 缪泸君[1] 李佳[1] 袁芳凯[1] 谢光勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022 [2]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]江西省野生动植物保护管理局,南昌330046

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第4期1061-1067,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000196);环境保护部专项(STSN-7);鄱阳湖科学考察之鸟类资源及其生境动态变化考察(20114ABG01100-1-03)资助

摘　　要：分析了鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区1984—2011年东方白鹳越冬种群动态,探讨了其种群动态与气候和水位变化的相关性。结果表明,1984—2011年,保护区东方白鹳越冬种群数量平均为(1296±177)只,种群年间波动较大,但总体呈显著的线性增长趋势。保护区东方白鹳种群数量动态与鄱阳湖年最低水位、10月份平均水位、12月份平均水位存在显著负相关,这可能与冬季水位增加导致东方白鹳栖息地面积减小和人类干扰强度增大有关;保护区东方白鹳种群数量与越冬期11月份平均最低气温呈显著正相关,东方白鹳主要在11月份到达鄱阳湖,此时适宜的温度可能有利于提高东方白鹳食物资源的可获得性,迅速补充能量,并降低体温调节所需的能量消耗。逐步线性回归分析表明,鄱阳湖区11月份平均最低气温、前一年1月份高水位持续时间、前二年7月份高水位持续时间是保护区东方白鹳种群数量的显著预测因子,共同解释了保护区东方白鹳最大种群数量变化的78.3%。We analyzed the population fluctuation of Oriental White Stork （Ciconia boyciana） in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve in winter from 1984 to 2011, and its correlation with climate variables and water level variables. The mean number of the Oriental White Storks in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve was 1296±177. This population exhibited an obvious annual fluctuation, but as a whole showed a significant linear increase trend. The population size of Oriental White Stork in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve was significantly negatively correlated with the annual lowest water level, the mean water level of October, and the mean water level of December, which maybe result from the decrease of available habitats and increase of human disturbance with the increase of water level in winter. This population trend in the reserve was also significantly correlated with the average minimum temperature of November. The Oriental White Stork mainly arrived at the Poyang Lake in November, and a proper temperature in this period may increase the food resource availability for Oriental White Stork, speed up energy recovery after long distance migration, and decrease their energy consumption for basal metabolism. The results derived from stepwise linear regression indicated that the average minimum temperature of November, the duration of high water level of January of the previous year, and the duration of high water level of July of the previous two years were significant predictors of the population trend of Oriental White Stork, which in total accounted for 78.3% of the population fluctuation during 1984-2011.

关 键 词：东方白鹳 鄱阳湖 种群数量变化 水位 气候变化 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]