江苏盐城不同沉积岸段湿地景观格局及其时空演变  

Landscape pattern change in different sedimentary coastal areas of Yancheng,Jiangsu

作　　者：方仁建[1] 沈永明[1] 吴德力[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第4期1096-1103,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB956503);浙江省海洋文化与经济研究中心项目(13HYJDYY08)资助

摘　　要：为探讨不同沉积海岸湿地景观的时空演变过程,根据1992、2000和2010年的遥感影像和野外观测数据,对盐城扁担河口-新港闸不同沉积岸段景观变化状况进行分析。结果表明:(1)近20年来侵蚀区、过渡区和淤积区的湿地景观类型均呈现由自然景观向人工景观转移特征,且开发强度侵蚀区(85.76%)>淤积区(78.15%)>过渡区(59.96%)。(2)景观要素转移方面,侵蚀区中茅草、碱蓬和互花米草→水产养殖塘,茅草→芦苇和农田;过渡区呈连续带状特征,即茅草→芦苇→碱蓬→互花米草→光滩;淤积区具有明显的阶段性,前后两时段各有不同。(3)景观异质性方面,破碎度:淤积区>全区>侵蚀区>过渡区;优势度:过渡区>侵蚀区>全区>淤积区;多样性:过渡区>全区>淤积区>侵蚀区。(4)景观格局变化的驱动力方面,过渡区内自然因素占主导,而侵蚀区和淤积区则是人为因素占主导。受自然因素和人类活动双重影响,苏北盐城海岸湿地景观变化强烈,如何实现经济利益和环境效益的双赢,成为该地区工作重点。By using RS and GIS technology, data collected from remote sensing images of TM or ETM in 1992, 2000 and 2010 was analyzed to figure out landscape pattern changes in the different sedimentary coastal areas of Yancheng from Biandan estuary to Xingang port coastal wetland. The results indicated that in the erosion, transition and sedimentation regions, the massive original natural landscape types were converted to the artificial landscape type from 1992 to 2010, and the transfer rate in the erosion region （85.76%） was greater than in the sedimentation region （78.15%）, followed by the transition region （56.96%）. For the transfer of landscape elements： in the erosion region, the main conversion of the landscape components was Aeluropus littoralis, Saueda spp. and Spartina spp.→ Aquaculture pond, A. littoralis and Pragmites communis → farmland; the characteristics of natural succession of vegetation were obvious in the transition region, which was A. littoralis→P. communis→Saueda spp.→Spartina spp.→mudflats; the transfer of landscape elements in the sedimentation region showed two distinct phases during periods of 1992 to 2000 and 2000 to 2010. For the landscape heterogeneity： the fragmentation of sedimentation region 〉 entire region 〉 erosion region 〉 transition region; the dominance of transition region 〉 erosion region 〉 entire region 〉 sedimentation region; the diversity of transition region 〉 entire region 〉 sedimentation region 〉 erosion region. For the factors causing landscape changes： natural factors occupied the dominant position in the transition region, while artificial factors were the dominant in the erosion and sedimentation regions. Therefore, how to achieve winwin economic and environmental benefits become the focus of the regions.

关 键 词：海岸湿地 景观格局 景观指数 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]