五爪金龙中香豆素类物质含量及其对福寿螺、水稻和稗草的影响  

Contents of two coumarins in Ipomoea cairica and their effects on Pomacea canaliculata,Orzya sativa,and Echinochloa crusgalli

作　　者：犹昌艳[1] 杨宇[1] 胡飞[1] 陈建军[2] 唐湘如[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642 [2]广东省农业厅,广州510500

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第7期1716-1724,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省农业厅标准化项目(粤农函[2008]32号)

摘　　要：在不同季节采集并测定了入侵植物五爪金龙不同器官中伞形花内酯(Umbelliferone(UMB))和东莨菪亭内酯(Scopoletin(SCO))的含量、同时室内分析了这两种物质的杀螺效果及其对水稻和稗草生长的影响、并研究了这两种物质在土壤中的降解情况。结果表明:五爪金龙植株中SCO含量高于UMB含量,两物质均是夏季含量最高,春季次之,秋冬季低,SCO夏季在茎中含量最大,秋冬季幼茎和幼叶中含量较高;UMB对福寿螺的毒杀力强于SCO,UMB浓度为C2(200μg/mL)时处理24 h对福寿螺的致死率达100%,而SCO浓度为C2时处理24 h对福寿螺的致死率仅为8%;SCO对水稻和稗草苗生长的影响较UMB强,在C0(50μg/mL),C1(100μg/mL)、C2浓度下均促进水稻及稗草苗的生长,而C3(400μg/mL)浓度下则抑制水稻和稗草苗的生长。UMB和SCO混合溶液比单一物质在相同浓度的杀螺效果及对水稻和稗草的生长影响要强;UMB和SCO在土壤中10 d内完全降解。入侵植物五爪金龙中的次生物质UMB和SCO在稻田中的生态效应值得进一步研究。Ipomoea cairica and Pomacea canaliculata are invasive species that are very harmful to natural and artificial ecosystems and rice production in Southern China. Ipomoea cairica, a perennial herbaceous liana, is a highly invasive climbing plant. Pomacea canaliculata is a common freshwater snail that is especially abundant in water irrigation systems of paddy fields and in local wetlands. This snail feeds on the young stems and leaves of paddy, causing extensive damage Therefore, it threatens the integrity of the rice bowl and the security of farmers and workers that rely on rice as their main staple food and source of income. Because of its extensive reproductive capacity and the substantial damage it causes to rice fields, P. canaliculata is classified as one of the 100 worst invasive pest species worldwide. Many methods have been developed and used to control P. canaliculata, the most common of which are chemical control methods. However, because of the long-term use of chemical molluscicides in some areas, snails have developed resistance to these chemicals. Therefore, new methods of biological control should be explored to control this pest. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of substances produced by I. cairica on this pest, and on its host crops. The ethanol extract from 1. cairica showed toxic effects against P. canaliculata. Previous studies have shown that coumarins are substances that are toxic to schistosome host snails. The aerial parts of I. cairica contain the coumarins umbelliferone （UMB） and scopoletin （SCO）. Previous studies have shown that UMB has toxic effects against the fifth instar larva of Pierisrapae linne, and that SCO functions as a neurotoxin. We evaluated the UMB and SCO contents in different organs of I. cairica and in samples of I. cairica collected in different seasons by HPLC analysis. The highest concentrations of both UMB and SCO in I. cairica were in samples collected in summer, followed by those collected in spring, autumn, and winter. In ea

关 键 词：五爪金龙 福寿螺 伞形花内酯 东莨菪亭内酯 水稻 稗草 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]