Drought-resistant Hybrid Millet under Watersaving Irrigation in Extreme Drought Area of Dunhuang City  

抗旱杂交谷子在敦煌极干旱地区节水效果研究(英文)

作　　者：赵治海 冯小磊 史高雷 范光宇 苏旭 宋国亮 杨天育[2] 董孔军[2] 南宏宇[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2014年第2期231-235,247,共6页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2011BAD06B01)~~

摘　　要：[Objective]This study aimed to select hybrid mil et varieties those can produce high yield under water-saving irrigation conditions. [Method] From 2011 to 2013, drought-resistant experiments on 200 hybrid mil et combinations were carried out in the three consecutive years in Dunhuang City. Plastic film was covered on the soil surface in one treatment （F） and was not in the other treatment （NF）. Irri-gation was only performed once before sowing. At seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and fil ing stage, we measured the water contents of soil at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 and 100-120 cm deep. Plant height, panicle length, til er number, grain weight per ear, grain weight per plant, grass weight and above-ground biomass were measured from a bulk of eight plants in each plot. Grain yield per plot was measured final y. [Result] Under the only irrigation of 1 200 m3/hm2 before sowing, 18 hybrid mil et combinations exhibited stronger resistance to drought, and four of them： 13DH2, 13DH3, 13DH8 and 13DH9 produced grain more than 3 000 kg/hm2. The yield of hybrid mil et combination 13DH8 was up to 6 000 kg/hm2 under the only irrigation of 1 200 m3/hm2, i.e. 1 m3 of water could produce 5 kg of grain on average. Therefore, application of this cultivation technology could increase arable land of irrigated arid area by several times. In addition, irrigation of 1 200 m3/hm2 is equivalent to 120 mm of rainfal; so this cultivation technology also can be applied in arid area with 200 mm of rainfal . [Conclusion] The cultivation technology can cope with the occurrence of extreme weather, protect water re-sources and enlarge global grain planting area. At the same time, it also ensures food production and food safety.[目的]探讨抗旱杂交谷子在极干旱地区的节水效果。[方法]在2011～2013年,首先对200份谷子杂交组合进行抗旱鉴定筛选,然后将选育出的18份优势组合配合稀植铺膜栽培技术,只在播种前浇一次水(1 200 m3/hm2),整个生育期内不浇水。在谷子关键生长期测定0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100和100～120 cm的土壤含水量。在灌浆后期,每个重复选取8株长势一致植株,测定株高、穗长、分蘖数、穗粒重、株粒重、株草重和地上部分生物量,最后测定小区产量。[结果]在播前只浇一次水(1 200 m3/hm2)的情况下,18种杂交谷子表现出了较强的抗旱性,其中13DH2、13DH3、13DH8和13DH9 4个组合的产量高于3 000 kg/hm2。13DH2在播前只浇一次水(1 200 m3/hm2)的情况下,可以稳定生产6 000kg/hm2,平均每立方米水生产5千克粮食。应用该技术可以使灌溉旱作区耕地面积增加数倍。另外,1 200 m3/hm2水折合为120 mm降雨量,该技术可能同样在200 mm降水量旱作区可以适用。[结论]该技术可以应对极端气候发生,保护水资源,扩增全球粮食种植面积,并且保证粮食高产和稳产。

关 键 词：Hybrid millet Drought resistance WATER-SAVING Stable yield 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]