近海海面油类漂流扩散的研究和预测实践  

STUDY AND PRACTICE OF THE OIL DRIFT AND DIFFUSION ON THE SEA SURFACE IN THE OFFSHORE

作　　者：张和庆[1] 李福娇[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301 [2]广州热带海洋气象研究所,广东广州510080

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2001年第1期83-89,共7页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

摘　　要：根据海上溢油试验结果，分析了油类入海后漂流和扩散过程。经分析认为：（1）海面油类漂流的速度和方向取决于风和表层海流的速度和方向, 海面油类漂流的速度和方向基本符合UO=UC +ζW 和 D=C_流 + r ； （2）海面油类扩散的形状与油类漂流的速度有关，油膜的扩散速度与时间可以用U_扩=at–b来表达，油类漂流速度越大，油膜的形状就越呈长而窄，反之则呈短而宽；（3）经两起海上沉船溢油事故的实例检验，结果比较接近；（4）在1996年珠江口惠州26-1油田海底输油管线溢油漂流预测分析过程中进行尝试，收到了比较好的效果。According to the test results of the drift and diffusion of the oil conducted on the ocean, this paper analyses the drift and diffusion process of the oils into the ocean and considers: (1) the drift speed and direction of surface oils are decided by the speed and direction of the wind and surface current; the oil drift speed and direction accord basically with U0 = Uc +ζW and D = Ccurrent+r ; (2) the diffusion form of surface oils has relation to the drift speed of oil , that is the faster the drift speed of oils is, the oils diffusion speed and time can be expressed with Udiffusion=at-b , that is the faster the drift speed of oils is, the longer and narrower the form of oils, and conversely, the wider and shorter; (3) the results of two practical examples test during shipwreck oil spill are close to the study result; (4) satisfactory forecast of oil spill drift was obtained by application of the above to oil pipeline broken in Huizhou 26-1 offshore oil field in 1996.

关 键 词：海上 油类 漂流扩散 研究 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]