海气界面浪沫中泡沫液滴的尺寸分布  

SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SPUME DROPLETS OF SEA SPRAY IN SEA-AIR INTERFACE

作　　者：薛社生[1] 田纪伟[1] 徐德伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋大学物理海洋实验室,青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2001年第1期88-93,共6页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家863-818-06-05课题资助项目

摘　　要：基于液团断裂、粉碎的原理研究浪沫中泡沫液滴的生成，描述了高风速下，波峰被风撕裂产生泡沫液滴的瞬态断裂特性，并基于液团破碎过程局部动能与表面能的能量最小原则，导出了泡沫液滴平均尺寸表达式。其中液滴的产生高度取有效波振幅，风速满足对数廓线分布。研究发现，液滴半径与海水粘性系数、密度、表面张力及风速有关，并与风速的-4/3次幂成正比。In terms of fracture and breakup of liquid mass,the generation of spume droplets was studied.Seen from the experimental and theoreti cal results on liquid breakup in shock tube,spume droplets generate from instant aneous breakup of liquid mass torn off from wave crests,especially under the con dition of high speed. There are relative movement between torn liquid mass and f lowing air surrounding them,which makes the liquid mass deform and fracture,and then discrete into many droplets,also called breaking liquid elements.Every one of these elements has two kinds of energies,the kinetic energy relative to mass center of the element,and surface energy;the former provides the force to fracture,and the later resists this tendency.To make deviation simplification,the ass umption of fracture with identical volume and spherical fragments had been made.According to the principle of minimum energy,the extreme value point for energy function with respect to surface area was found,thus an expression for the radius of liquid droplet was derived,in which the height where spume droplets generate takes significant wave amplitude,and wind speed matches logarithm profile.It wa s found that the radius of droplet is related to the viscosity,density,surface t ension of sea water,and wind speed,and have a direct relationship to -4/3 power of wind speed.

关 键 词：浪沫 泡沫液滴 破碎原理 尺寸分布 海水粘性系数 表面张力 海气界面 波浪 风速 

分 类 号：P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学]