系列磺酸钠型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表征  

Preparation and characterization of sulfonate sodium-containing Gemini surfactants

作　　者：张光华[1] 付小龙[1] 王鹏[1] 刘磊[1] 吴桂霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学教育部轻化工助剂化学与技术重点实验室,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《化工学报》2014年第4期1368-1373,共6页CIESC Journal

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(2010JS055)~~

摘　　要：通过两步反应,合成了三种磺酸钠型Gemini表面活性剂6,6′-(丙基-1,3-二基双氧)双(3-壬基苯磺酸钠)(9B-3-9B)、6,6′-(正丁基-1,4-二基双氧)双(3-壬基苯磺酸钠)(9B-4-9B)和6,6′-(正戊基-1,5-二基双氧)双(3-壬基苯磺酸钠)(9B-5-9B),并讨论了反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响,优化了反应条件。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、核磁共振仪(1H NMR)和元素分析仪表征产物结构,并通过DCTA21表面界面张力仪测定其在水溶液中的表面张力。结果表明:与传统表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)相比,Gemini表面活性剂9B-m-9B(m=3,4,5)具有更高的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为0.14、0.11、0.12 mmol·L-1,对应的表面张力-CMC分别为29.43、29.26、28.22 mN·m-1。Three sulfonate sodium-containing Gemini surfactants, 6,6＇-（propane-1,3-diylbis（oxy）） bis（3- nonenzenesulfonate sodium） （9B-3-9B）, 6, 6＇-（butane-1, 4-diylbis（oxy）） bis（3-nonylbenzenesulfonic sodium） （9B-4-9B） and 6, 6＇-（pentane-1, 5-diylbis（oxy）） bis（3-nonylbenzenesulfonate sodium） （9B-5-9B）, were synthesized through two-step reaction using nonylphenol （NP）, 1, 3-dibromopropane, 1, 4-dibromobutane, 1, 5-dibromopentane and chloro sulfonic acid as main starting materials. The influence of reaction temperature and time on the yields of 9B-m-9B was studied. The structures of 9B-m-9B were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis, and their abilities to lower water surface tension were also evaluated by surface tension measurement. The yields were 59.94%, 65.27% and 53.91% for 9B-3-9B, 9B-4-9B and 9B-5-9B, respectively, when the reaction condition was at 0℃ for 6 h. Three synthesized surfactants 9B-m-9B （m=3, 4, 5） showed surface properties superior to conventional monomeric surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate （SDBS）, and their critical micelle concentrations （CMC） were 0.14, 0.11 and 0.12 mmol. L-1,γCMC were 29.43, 29.26 and 28.22 mN . m-1 for 9B-m-9B（m=3, 4, 5）, respectively.

关 键 词：GEMINI表面活性剂 表面张力 临界胶束浓度 合成 优化 反应 

分 类 号：TQ423.11[化学工程]