籼型杂交水稻米质性状配合力及遗传力研究  

Combining Ability and Heritability of Grain Quality Characters in Indica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：廖伏明[1] 周坤炉[1] 阳和华[1] 徐秋生[1] 龙和平[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2000年第5期323-328,共6页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家"九五"攻关重点项目 !(96 - 0 0 2 - 0 2 - 0 2 )

摘　　要：以具有广泛代表性的 7个不育系和 9个恢复系为材料 ,采用 NC 交配设计研究了 11个米质性状的配合力和遗传力的表现规律 ,以期为优质杂交稻育种提供理论参考 ,结果表明 :1)无论是亲本的一般配合力 ,还是组合的特殊配合力 ,对杂种所有米质性状均有显著的影响 ,但在不同米质性状上一般配合力和特殊配合力的作用大小不同 .整精米率、精米长、长宽比、垩白粒率、垩白大小、糊化温度和直链淀粉含量等性状以加性效应占主导地位 ,而糙米率、精米率、胶稠度和蛋白质含量等性状则以非加性效应更为重要 .2 ) 11个性状中 ,有 7个性状受母本影响比父本大得多 ,3个性状父、母本效应相当 ,仅 1个性状 (垩白粒率 )受父本影响较大 .3)对主要米质性状的综合评价表明 ,不育系中以金 2 3A ,优 IA和 - 32 A为优 ,恢复系中以 2 0 7和桂 99最好 ,明恢 6 3和 2 88次之 ,用上述亲本选配的优质杂交组合米质较好 .4)各米质性状狭义遗传力大小依次为 :长宽比、精米长、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量、垩白粒率、垩白大小、整精米率、糙米率、蛋白质含量、精米率、胶稠度 .其中长宽比至垩白大小等性状由于狭义遗传力高 ,在亲本改良中 ,可在杂交早代选择 ,而胶稠度等其他性状因遗传力较低 。widespread elite indica parents induding 7 CMS lines and 9 restorers were chosen to study the combining ability and heritability of 11 grain quality characters by way of NCⅡ mating design. The results show that: ①Both gca and sca effects are significant on all 11 characters, indicating that selecting parents on combining ability is very important in breeding quality hybrid rice. However, the effects of gca and sca vary with different characters. The additive effects are principal in the characters of head rice (HR), kernel length (KL), length/breadth ratio (LBR), chalky rice (CR), chalky area (CA), geletinization temperature (GT) and amylose content (CA), while the nonadditive effects are more important than additive effects in brown rice (BR), milled rice (MR), gel. consistency (GC) and protein contents (PC).②Of 11 characters, seven are much more influenced by CMS lines than by restorers, three almost equally affected and only one more influenced by restorers than by CMS lines, which suggests that selection and improvement of CMS lines are crucial in breeding of quality hybrid rice.③Based on the integrated evaluation of important characters, Jin 23A,You IA and Ⅱ 32A in CMS lines and 207,Gui99,Minghui 63 and 288 in restorers are recommendable in developing quality hybrid rice combinations;the intensive popularization of them would be favorable to raise the grain quality level of hybrid rice in China. ④The order of the h 2 N of grainqulaity characters is: LBR>KL>GT>AC>CR>CA>HR>BR>PC>MR>GC. In improvement of parents, selection on the characters from LBR to CA can be conducted in early generations because of their high h 2 N, but it may not be suitable for selection on the others such as GC in early generations for their low h 2 N.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 品质 配合力 遗传力 米质性状 

分 类 号：S511.210.3[农业科学—作物学] S511.03