退耕还林工程建设对黄土丘陵区县域土壤水力侵蚀的影响——以吴起县为例  

THE EFFECT OF SOIL WATER EROSION ABOUT CONVERSION OF CROPLAND TO FOREST ON THE LOESS HILLY REGION-TAKING WUQI COUNTY AS AN EXAMPLE

作　　者：邢恩德[1] 郭建英[1] 李锦荣[1] 刘铁军[1] 赵岩[2] 

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100038

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第6期67-74,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中国水科院科研专项项目(MK2013J08);国家自然科学基金(41301302;41301303);国家自然科学基金(40901136)

摘　　要：为定量评价退耕还林工程建设的水土保持效益,以国家退跟还林工程建设的典型县域为研究对象,基于3S技术与RUSLE土壤侵蚀模型,分析评价了该县退耕还林前后土壤侵蚀的时空变化。结果表明:吴起县实施退耕还林后12年来,水土流失控制效果明显,较高强度土壤侵蚀的土地面积在大幅度减少。①退耕还林后土壤侵蚀分布以中度侵蚀最多,其面积占吴起县国土总面积的43.62%,而退耕还林前土壤侵蚀以极强度侵蚀为主,占吴起县国土总面积的42.76%②退耕还林后全县平均土壤侵蚀为5 285 t/(km2·a),属于强度侵蚀,其退耕还林前平均土壤侵蚀为9779 t/(km2·a),为退耕还林后的1.85倍,退耕还林后全县每年可减少土壤侵蚀量1 704万t③研究区未利用地平均土壤侵蚀模数为19 513 t/(km2·a)、陡坡旱地土壤侵蚀模数为12 449t/(km2·a),其侵蚀模数分别相当于退耕还林地平均土壤侵蚀模数2 458 t/(km2·a)的7.94倍和5.06倍,④研究区还尚需加强对中度以上侵蚀区的治理,才能更加有效地控制该地区的水土流失。Conversion of cropland to forest for the quantitative evaluation of soil and water conservation benefits to the country retreat with typical county also forest engineering construction as the research object, based on 3S technology RUSLE soil erosion model, ana- lyze and evaluate the time and space the county returning farmland to forest soil erosion changes. The results show that： Wuqi County Returning Farmland to Forest for 10 years, the effect of soil erosion control, a higher intensity of soil erosion land area in the substantial reduction. （1） returning farmland to forest soil erosion distribution up to moderate erosion, the area accounted for 43.62% of the total land area of Wuqi County, returning farmland before the soil erosion mainly to pole strength erosion accounted Wuqi County total land area of 42.76% the county average soil erosion in （2） returning farmland to 5 285 t / （ km= · a） belong to the intensity of erosion, the average soil erosion on its returning farmland to 9 779 t / （ km2 · a） 1.85 times after returning farmland to forest 17.04 million tons （3） of the study area, returning farmland to forest county per year to reduce the amount of soil erosion unused average soil erosion mod- ulus of 19 513 t / （ km2 · a）, the steep upland soil erosion modulus 12 449t / （ km^2 · a） its erosion modulus were equivalent to retur- ning arable land average soil erosion modulus 2 458 t / （ km2 · a） 7.94 times and 5.06 times （4） of the study area also needs to strengthen the moderate erosion area of governance to be more effective to control soil erosion in the region.

关 键 词：退耕还林 土壤侵蚀 定量评价 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]