2012年医院感染现患率调查分析  

Study and analysis of prevalence rates of nosocomial infection in 2012

作　　者：赵丽华[1,2,3] 陈春燕[1,2,3] 陈翠芳[1,2,3] 邹义春[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]黄石市中心医院 [2]湖北理工学院附属医院公共卫生科,湖北黄石435000 [3]肾脏疾病发生与干预湖北重点实验室,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第8期1899-1901,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：黄石市科技计划基金项目(2011A045-5)

摘　　要：目的了解医院感染现患率,为制定相应的预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法采用现况调查方法,由医院感染兼职临床医师协助,对2012年8月9日在院1 057例患者进行医院感染的调查,由医院感染专职人员负责资料的录入、整理、统计分析,所有数据采用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析。结果应查1 069例,实查病例1 057例,实查率98.87%,医院感染现患率为2.37%,例次感染率为2.46%;医院感染高发科室主要在血液内科、新生儿科、神经外科、呼吸内科等科室,感染率分别为20.00%、12.00%、12.00%、12.00%,医院感染的主要部位是下呼吸道,占57.69%;调查当日抗菌药物使用率为54.78%,抗菌药物使用最多的为头孢菌素类,全院的抗菌药物使用微生物送检率为31.26%;医院感染病原菌送检率80.00%,检出阳性率55.00%;全院治疗用药占51.47%,预防用药占40.24%,治疗+预防用药8.29%;单用抗菌药物占60.96%,二联用药占38.34%,三联用药占0.69%。结论预防医院获得性肺炎、进一步促进抗菌药物合理使用、提高病原菌送检率是以后工作的重点和方向。OBJECTIVE To understand the currents status of nosocomial infections so as to provide reference and basis for the development of prevention and control measures. METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey combined with the assistance of part-time clinicians of hospital infection, the prevalence rate of the 1057 hospital- ized patients who enrolled on Aug. 9th 2012 was investigated. The full-time workers on nosocomial infections were in charge of the type-in, arrange, statistically analyze. All the data were typed-in by EpiData 3.0, and SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The cases that should be analyzed were 1069, while 1057 cases were analyzed in fact, and the reality check rate was 98.87%. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 2.37% and case-time rate was 2.46%. The high incidence department of hospital infection were department of haematology, department of neonatology, department of neurosurgery, department of respiratory and so on, and the infection rates were 20.00%, 12.00%, 12.00% and 12.00%. The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract, accounting for 57. 69%. The utilization rate of antibiotics on the survey day was 54. 78% and the most frequently used of antibiotics was cephalosporins. The total submission rate of etiology used antibiotics was 31.26% while the etiology censorship rate of hospital infection was 80.00% and positive rate was 55.00%. The rate of antibiotics for treatment was 51.47% while the rate of prophylactic was 40. 24% and the treatment and prevention of antibiotics accounted for 8. 29%. The rate of one-drug use accounted for 60. 96%, two-drug use accounted for 38.34%, and the three-drug use accounted for 0. 69%. CONCLUSION Prevention of hospital- acquired pneumonia, further promotion the rational use of antimierobial drugs and improvement of the submission rate o＇f etiology censorship are the focuses and direction of our future work.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 调查 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]