“一个多民族的非民族国家”——近现代瑞士国家的生存、建立与发展  

A Multinational Non-nation State:Survival,Establishment and Development of Modern Switzerland

作　　者：马丁[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学历史系,教授杭州310036

出　　处：《世界历史》2014年第2期88-99,160,共12页World History

基　　金：2013年国家社会科学基金一般项目"近现代以来瑞士民族特殊性;多样性的历史考察"(项目批准号:13BSS031)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：近代以来,瑞士国家的生存、建立与发展过程在整个欧洲大陆具有一定的特殊性。瑞士地处西欧的中部,由于四周环临强国,其国内三大民族又与周边国家的民族相同,因而其国内的民族问题、宗教问题常常与邻国的民族矛盾、宗教矛盾等纠结在一起。但是,在复杂的地缘政治环境的威胁下,在欧洲狂热的民族主义情绪影响下,在无数战争阴云和宗教纠纷中,瑞士人求同存异、胼手胝足凝结成强大的民族凝聚力,逐渐融合成为一个稳定、休戚相关、荣辱与共的民族共同体,成功地将瑞士建成为"一个多民族的非民族国家",使瑞士完成了民族融合的进程,建立起具有现代性的民族国家。In modern times,the process of survival,establishment and development of Switzerland is very special among the whole European continent.Switzerland is located in the middle of western Europe,surrounded by powerful states,and its three major domestic nations are the same as nations of surrounding countries,and its domestic ethic and religious problems are intertwined with ethnic contradictions and religious contradictions of neighboring countries.However,in the past centuries,under the threats of complicated geopolitical environment,affected by the sentiment of fanatical nationalism in Europe and by tremendous war clouds and religious disputes,the Swiss formed a strong national cohesion by seeking common ground while reserving differences.They melted the country into a stable state being bound by a common cause and successfully built Switzerland into a modern 'multinational non-nation state'.

关 键 词：瑞士国家 民族融合 凝聚力 

分 类 号：K522[历史地理—历史学]