中国生物种质资源保护现状与行动建议  被引量:38

Status and Acting Proposals Concerning the Conservation of Chinese Bio-diversity Resources

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作  者:方嘉禾[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081

出  处:《中国农业科技导报》2001年第1期77-80,共4页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

摘  要:文简述了我国生物种质资源保护的现状和保护的必要性和紧迫性,并针对我国目前生物种质资源保护存在的问题提出了行动建议和对策。文中提出“生物多样性保护的核心是保护生物种质资源”,并以具体事例说明“一个物种能影响一个国家的经济”,“一个基因关系到一个国家的兴衰”。生物种质资源的保护关系到中国21 世纪 16亿人口的生存安全和经济持续稳定发展,关系到中国的科技创新能力和国力的增强,也是参入国际竞争的需要,因此,生物种质资源是国家生存和发展的战略性资源。然而,中国目前由于经济的高速发展和生态环境的恶化,已有200种植物灭绝,5000种植物处于濒危状态,野生动物处境更加恶劣,加强生物种质资源保护已成为我国政府部门的一项紧迫任务。为此,作者提出了近10年中国生物资源保护的任务和对策建议,具体提出了作物、林木野生植物、药用植物、家养动物、水生生物、农业微生物等7个方面种质资源保护行动计划,并建议建立国家生物种质资源委员会,设立生物种质资源保护专项基金,制定“中国生物资源保护法”,建立有效的管理运行机制,加大生物资源保护和研究的力度。Status on conservation of Chinese bio-diversity and its necessity and urgency was briefly described in this paper. It also gave some acting proposals and strategies on the problems existing in the conservation of bio-genetic resources in our country. It declared the key of the bio-diversity conservation is to protect biotic germplasm resources. Several specific examples were given to illustrate that a species could take an important role in economy of a country, and one gene was related to the rise and decline of a country. The conservation and utilization of bio-diversity resources is concerning the food security of 1. 6 billion people in China in the 21st century. Efficiency on protection and utilization of these resources is also dependent on the capacity of national science and technology and enhancement of the national power. And it is also necessary to take part in the international competition. Therefore, the bio-diversity is very essential resources for the existence and development of our country. However, with the rapid development of economy, the eco - system is becoming worse and worse in China. Two hundred plant species already disappeared, and more than 5000 are in danger of being extinct, and the situations of wild animals are much worse. Therefore, it is an urgent mission for the government departments to strengthen the conservation of bio-diversity. Hence, the author listed the task and strategies of bio-diversity conservation in the next 10 years in China, and made a brief introduction of the projects to protect genetic resources of crops, woods, wild plants, herbal plants, domestic animals, water organism and agricultural microorganism. We suggest establishing a national biotic germplasm resource committee and a special foundation for germplasm resource conservation. It is very urgent to write out Chinese bio-diversity resource conservation catalogue and to establish an effective administrative system to strengthen the protection and research of bio-diversity resources.

关 键 词:生物种质资源 资源保护 现状 生物多样性保护 专项基金 法制建议 

分 类 号:Q16[生物学—普通生物学] Q-9

 

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