指类句产生的基础及语用特征  

Founding Basis and Pragmatic Features of Generic Sentences

作　　者：李恬[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学<外国语>编辑部,上海200083

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第1期156-158,共3页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2013CYY007);国家社会科学基金项目(13BYY006)

摘　　要：指类句是以"类"的划分为基础的句子,它概括一类对象的全体或一部分具有某种规律、属性或者特征。指类句在语言表达结构和语言运用方面有独特的特点。指类句最突出的特点在于其能够容忍反例。它表面上表示普适性的、一般质的规律,但是如果对这些普适性的、一般质的规律进行严格的逻辑推理,却能发现其反例,而人们却又在理解中能够忽视这些反例,容忍反例的存在。指类句的产生有着深刻的社会、认知和逻辑基础。作为人们范畴习得的重要的语言手段,指类句在古文诗词、转喻修辞和矛盾语句中都有着丰富的体现。Generic sentences are those which base their understanding on the classification of things. A generic sentence is always involved in summarizing regularities, properties or characteristics of a class of objects or concepts. It has own features both on syntactic structures and pragmatic uses. Generic sentences demonstrate a remarkable feature of ＂counterexample toler ation＂; that is, through reasonable logical reasoning process, this kind of sentences might arrive at conclusions which seem contradictory to common sense. Although generics can never bear scrutiny as to the facts they state, people would not feel problematic with them. Generic sentences can find their roots in social, cognition and logical aspects. Reflecting human cogni lion of categories, they are ample in ancient Chinese proses/poems, metaphorical expressions and contradictory statements.

关 键 词：指类句 容忍反例 产生基础 语用特征 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]