16至18世纪的英国生态:问题、认识与行动  

The English Ecology in the 16th-18th Centuries : Problems, Recognition and Actions

作　　者：姜德福[1] 司丽君[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学历史学院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《理论界》2014年第3期83-85,共3页Theory Horizon

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"转型时期英国社会重构与社会关系调整研究"(10YJA770018)资助

摘　　要：工业革命前,英国的生态问题已显现出来。16-18世纪,英国的生态问题主要有:森林覆盖率锐减,野生动物减少,湿地面积下降。导致上述问题的原因多是人类社会发展的后果。此时,人们开始以变化的态度认识和理解自然,日益注意保护自然和野生动物。政府和有识之士采取一些补救和保护措施,虽说相当部分措施的出发点是为保护贵族地主财产权利,但客观上起到恢复和保护生态的作用。The ecological problems had already emerged in England before the Industrial Revolution. In the 16th 18th Centuries, there were three main ecological problems in England： the rapid reductions of forest coverage, the decline in wildlife and the decrease of wetland area. What caused these problems is the development of human society. Since then, the English people started to change their attitude to nature and paid more and more attention to protect the nature and wildlife. The government and some sensible people took some remedial and protective measures, although the starting points of some of these measures weren＇t to protect the ecology but the benetfits of noble landowners, these measures had objectively played a role of protector of the ecology.

关 键 词：生态问题 森林 野生动物 湿地 生态恢复与保护 

分 类 号：F2[经济管理—国民经济]