旱地玉米覆盖栽培的土壤水热及产量效应  

Effects of Mulching Cropping on Soil Moisture Temperature and Yield of Dryland Maize

作　　者：杨封科[1,2] 高世铭[3,2] 张绪成[4,2] 马一凡[4,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省科学院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第2期302-308,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31060071);甘肃省科技支撑计划课题(1204NKCA108)

摘　　要：采用单因素随机区组设计，以春玉米沈单16号品种为试验材料，全膜双垄沟播（FMRFC）、沙膜二元覆盖沟种（FSMC）、全沙覆盖平作（SMC）和露地平作（CK）为处理，研究旱地玉米覆盖栽培的土壤水热及产量效应。结果表明：各覆盖处理玉米苗期一抽雄期0～25cm土层的平均地温均有所提高，对0～lOOcm土层的土壤水分的消耗增大，且都以FMRFC居首，比CK增温3．1—3．3℃、多耗水9．8％。收获后，各覆盖处理0～20cm土层的土壤水分得到了恢复，但20～100cm土层的水分没有恢复到播前状态。覆盖处理显著改善了穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重等经济性状，增加了玉米产量，提高了作物水分利用效率（WUE），优先次序为FMRFC〉FSMC〉SMC〉CK。FMRFC是半干旱区玉米种植优先选择的覆盖方式，但对0～100cm土层土壤水分消耗较多，对年际水分平衡不利，需深化匹配水分高效调控技术的研究。A randomized block design field experiments with 4 treatments of whole surface plastic film mulching double ridge-furrow cropping （FMRFC）, ridge film cover with furrow sand cover cropping（FSMC）, whole soil surface sand cover flat cropping （SMC） and uncover and flat cropping （CK） were conducted to investigate the effects of different mulching cropping patterns on soil moisture-temperature and yield of dryland Maize （cv： Shendan 16） at Dingxi agricultural experimental station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2009. Results showed that all of the mulching treatments consistently improved the soil temperature of 0 - 25cm soil layer at seedling to tasselling stage of maize and intensively consumed the soil moisture of 0 -100cm soil layer. FMRFC was the top oneat both situation with 0 -25cm soil layer average soil temperature being raised by 3.1 - 3.3℃ and 0 ~ 100cm soil moisture consuming amount being increased by 9.8% compared with CK. After harvest, the soil moisture of 0 -20cm soil layer had been well renewed with that of 20 -100cm soil layer not full refilled as that before sowing. Mulching cropping significantly improved corn yield by greatly changing the economic characteristics of grain number per spike, grain mass per spike, 100 - seeds mass and water use efficiency （WUE） of corn with the prioritizing order of FMRFC 〉 FSMC 〉 SMC 〉 CK. FMRFC was recommended as the first choice of mulching pattern for maize high yield cropping in dry agriculture. As FMRFC uses more soil moisture of 0 lOOcm soil layer than other ones, which is not good for water balance between years, the relative soil water efficient adjust and control measurements need further study.

关 键 词：覆盖栽培 水热 产量 效应 旱地 玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]