施氮对超高产夏玉米干物质及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Treatments on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize( Zea mays L. ) under Super-high Yield Conditions

作　　者：景立权[1] 赵福成[1,2] 刘萍[1] 袁建华[3] 陆大雷[1] 陆卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009 [2]浙江省东阳玉米研究所,浙江东阳322100 [3]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第2期317-326,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30971731;31000684;31271640);江苏高校优势学科建设工程;江苏高校优秀科技创新团队;农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队;江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划(CXZZ13-0906)

摘　　要：以苏玉30、苏玉20、苏玉29 3个玉米品种为材料,4年在大田设计6个施氮水平(0、360、405、450、495、540kg·hm-2)的试验,测试了玉米5个生育期内的光合及干物质指标,并用模型模拟产量及干物质的积累。研究了施氮水平对超高产夏玉米(≥15 000kg·hm-2)产量、干物质生产及光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)450kg·hm-2施氮水平处理下产量最高,3个品种的最高产量分别为13 798、15455、16 787kg·hm-2;确定了3个品种的最佳施氮量,分别为461.3、463.8、452.8kg·hm-2,过高过低施氮均不利于增产。(2)450kg·hm-2施氮水平增大了开花期光合速率,降低了灌浆期光合速率下降幅度。450kg·hm-2施氮水平下的玉米群体干物质积累速率在灌浆中前期大,积累量多。450kg·hm-2施氮水平下,对干物质积累的Richards方程解析表明,3个品种的干物质积累速率最大时的日期均在花后10d内,且越晚产量越高;生长活跃期越长(花后25d),实际和理论干物质积累量越大的品种,产量就越高。对比3个品种的实际和理论干物质积累量的差值后知,苏玉20、苏玉29仍具有较大的增产潜力。因此,通过氮肥运筹增大灌浆期的光合速率,推迟干物质积累速率最大时的日期,促使灌浆前期有着较大的干物质积累量及积累速率,将是获得超高产玉米群体的关键。Nitrogen treatment is an important prerequisite to achieve high grain yield of summer maize. The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of nitrogen treatments on yield, dry matter production and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize under super - high yield （ ≥ 15 000kg. hm 2） conditions. An split plot design field experiment was conducted using three maize hybrids ＇ Suyu30＇ , ＇ Suyu20＇ , ＇ Suyu29 ＇ as materials. Six nitrogen levels which were 0,360,405,450,495,540kg · ha-] respectively were designed in this study of four years. Meanwhile, the key quality of dry matter production simulated with Richards equation and photosynthetic of five different stages were analyzed. Results showed the yields of three maize hybrids reached the peak at 450kg ~ ha- J nitrogen level, which were 13798kg. ha-＇, 15455kg - ha-＇, 16787kg ~ ha-~, respectively. According to the regression equations between nitrogen application rate and yield of three hybrids, we could know that the optimal nitrogen applications of three maize hybrids were 461.3kg ~ ha-1 ,463.8kg ~ ha-I ,452.8kg ~ ha -~ , respectively. The yields would decrease when nitrogen application level was too high or too low. （2） 450kg ~ ha-~ nitrogen level increased the photosynthetic rate at anthesis stage, decreased magnitude of its decline during filling stage. And the maize population had a higher accumulation rate and a bigger amount of dry materials at 450kg ~ ha- ~ nitrogen level. The results analyzed by Richards model showed that the maximal accumulation rate of dry materials of three maize hybrids appeared at the first 10 days after anthesis stage and the later the higher yield ; ＇ Suyu29＇ among three maize hybrids which had the longest active growth period（ up to 25 days after anthesis stage nearly） and the maximal accumulation of practical and theoretical dry materials had the highest yield. After comparing the maximal accumulation of practical and theoretical dry materials, we could know that ＇ Suyu20＇ and �

关 键 词：夏玉米 施氮水平 超高产 光合特性 RICHARDS方程 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]