纳米乳液与微乳液在油气生产中的应用进展  

Progress of Application of Nano Emulsion and Micro Emulsion in Oil and Gas Production

作　　者：李超[1] 王辉[1] 刘潇冰 李怀科[2] 罗健生[2] 孙德军[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学化学与化工学院 [2]中海油田服务股份有限公司油田化学研究院

出　　处：《钻井液与完井液》2014年第2期79-84,101-102,共6页Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid

摘　　要：纳米乳液一般指液滴粒径范围在50～200nm的乳液,是油相（或水相）分散于水相（或油相）中形成的多相分散体系,是动力学稳定体系,制备过程中需要输入能量.而微乳液是由不相混溶的油、水和表面活性剂形成的外观均匀、透明、稳定的体系,是热力学稳定体系,可以自发形成.由于2者都具有稳定性高、油水增溶性能好、界面张力低等特点,同时2者可以灵活选用表面活性剂和分散相种类、含量等,配制成适合不同条件下的特定类型的纳米乳液和微乳液,因此在钻井液完井液、油基钻井液滤饼清洗、油气增产等方面具有重要的应用价值和前景.但由于纳米乳液与微乳液在外观、稳定性、制备方法等方面有很多相似之处,因此在实际应用和一些文献中常有混淆.分析了2者的相似与区别之处,给出了辨别2者的方法,介绍了他们的应用进展情况,以指导相关理论和实际生产应用.Nano emulsion is an emulsion with liquid drop diameters ranging in 50-200 nm.It is a multiphase,dynamically stable system formed by dispersing oil into water or vice versa.Energy consumption is need in making nano emulsion.Micro emulsion.on the other hand,is made by mixing immiscible oil,water,and surfactant to form a unique,transparent and thermodynamically stable system.Micro emulsion can form spontaneously,without the need for energy,many similarities between the two emulsions,e.g.,appearance,stability and making method,have caused confusion in practical application and in some literatures.Understanding the difference between the two plays important roles in theoretical study and practical application.For example,the two emulsions can find wide use and prospect in drilling and completion,cleaning of oil base drilling fluid and stimulation treatment,because of their high stability,low surface tension,and free selection of surfactant and dispersed phase with different concentrations,and their properties that are different for different needs.

关 键 词：纳米乳液 微乳液 钻井液添加剂 增产助剂 滤饼清洗 

分 类 号：TE254.3[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]