野生及引种侧金盏花的开花物候与传粉特性  

Flowering phenology and pollination charateristic of Adonis amurensis

作　　者：何淼[1] 陈士惠[1] 马翠青[1] 孙颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第3期431-437,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DL12CA11);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DL13BA08)

摘　　要：连续两年对黑龙江省野生环境和引种条件下的侧金盏花（Adonis amurensis）进行观测, 发现其在年度开花物候上表现出相同的特点：始花时间为4月初, 种群花期持续20~25 d, 种群的开花物候曲线呈现多个“M”型。相关分析结果表明, 侧金盏花的座果率与开花数目、单花期长度之间呈显著正相关, 始花时间与开花数目及单花期长度及座果率之间呈显著负相关。说明开花相对早的植株比开花晚的植株花期更长, 花期长的植株比花期短的植株座果率更高。两年内共发现侧金盏花的访花昆虫9种, 分属于4目5科, 以双翅目食蚜蝇科昆虫为主。各访花昆虫的访花时间差异显著, 其中东方蜜蜂访花时间最短, 在10 s以内;印度细腹食蚜蝇访花时间最长, 能达到20~30 s。Present study investigated the flowering phenology and pollination characteristics of Adonis amurensis under wild and introduced environment for two consecutive years. The results showed the same model under wild and introduced condition in terms of flowering phenology： the early flowering stage appeared in early April, and last for 25 d. The flowering curve of population presented multiple “M”. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationship between fertile fruit and the number of flowering and single length of flowering; and significant negative relationship between early flowering stage, number of flowering, single length of flowering and percentage of fertile fruit. This indicated that the earlier flower, the longer flowering time, the higher percentage of fertile fruit. During 2011 to 2012, a total number of 9 species of insects were recognized as the flower visitors, which belong to 5 families of 4 orders. There were significant differences among visitors in terms of visiting duration time. Apis cerana had the shortest duration time which was less than ten seconds, and Sphaerophoria indiana had the longest duration time which can reach 20～30 s.

关 键 词：侧金盏花 开花物候 传粉特性 

分 类 号：Q948.13[生物学—植物学]