贺兰山牦牛不同时间段的生境选择  

Habitat Selection of Feral Yak in Different Time Periods in Helan Mountains,China

作　　者：刘振生[1] 孙兆惠[1] 李路云[1] 赵宠南[1] 李艳香[1] 王越[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局野生动物保护生物学重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2014年第4期73-77,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(DL13EA01);国家新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-08-0753);宁夏回族自治区林业局自选项目(2011-017)

摘　　要：在2009年7-8月份和9-11月份，利用样线法和直接观察法对贺兰山牦牛（Bos grunniens）的生境选择进行了研究。结果表明：在7-8月份，牦牛偏好选择的生境——海拔〉3000m；植被类型为亚高山灌丛和草甸；乔木密度〈100株／hm。，乔木高度〈3m，牦牛距离乔木的距离〉3m；灌木种类以混合性灌木为主，灌木密度〉2000丛／hm0，牦牛距灌木的距离〈1m；上坡位；距水源距离〈800m或800～1200m之间；距人为干扰距离〉4000m：隐蔽级〉70％。在9-11月份，牦牛偏好选择的生境——海拔2000—3000m；植被类型以山地针叶林为主；优势乔木以灰榆为主，乔木密度〈100株／hm。，乔木高度〈3ITI；灌木密度〈2000丛／hm。，牦牛距离灌木的距离〉2m；植被盖度50％。70％：下坡位：距水源距离〉1200m；隐蔽级〉70％。主成分分析表明：7—8月份，第一主成分的贡献率达15．679％．其中绝对值较大的相关系数是海拔高度、隐蔽级和乔木密度；9-11月份，第一主成分的贡献率达20．430％．其中绝对值较大的相关系数是牦牛距离乔木的距离、优势乔木、乔木高度和乔木密度。From July to August 2009 and fi＇om September to November 2009, we studied the habitat selections of feral yak （Bos grunnieus） during summer and autumn in Helan Mountains. From July to August, yak preferred in higher attitude （ 〉3 000 m）, in subalpine shrubland and meadow with lower tree density （ 〈100 tree/hm^2）, lower tree height （ 〈3 m）, longer feral yak distance to tree （ 〉3 m）, shrub types mixture, higher shrub density （ 〉2 000 individual/hm2 ） , shorter distance to shrub （ 〈1 m）, higher degree position, shorter distance to water resource （ 〈800 m or 800-1 200 m）, longer distance to human disturbance （ 〉4 000 m） and higher hiding cover （ 〉70% ）. From September to November, feral yak used habitat in moderate attitude （2 000-3 000 m）, motane conifer forest, dominated by Ulmus glaucescens, tree density lower （ 〈 100 tree/hm2 ）, tree height lower （ 〈3 m）, higher shrub density （ 〈2 000 individual/hm2 ）, feral yak distance to tree（ 〉2 m）, higher vegetation coverage （50%-70% ）, lower degree position, far from water resource （〉 1 200 m） and higher hiding cover （〉70%）. By principal components analysis, from July to August, the first principal component accounted for 15. 679%. The higher correlation coefficients are attitude, hiding cover and tree density. From September to November, the first prin- cipal component accounted for 20. 430%. The higher correlation coefficients are feral yak distance to tree, dominant tree, tree height and tree density.

关 键 词：牦牛 生境选择 主成分分析 贺兰山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]