农民身份转变的进路:政治改造,抑或公共服务支持  

The Ways of Farmers' Identity Change:Political Transform or Public Service Support

作　　者：吴业苗[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,国家治理与政府创新研究中心

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2014年第2期112-120,共9页Socialism Studies

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目"江苏农村社区化服务体系创新路径及政策研究"(2013ZDIXM004)

摘　　要：中国农民被习惯称为小农,由于他们具有诸多先天不足与落后性,合作化运动和人民公社组织都尝试着改造他们为集体化劳动者,然而他们只变身为集体化小农。后人民公社时期,家庭经营瓦解了农村整体社会结构,农民分化为若干阶层,但无论他们身处何处,从事何种职业,他们的身份还是农民,备受社会歧视和不公正待遇。如此,为有效地促进农民向市民或市民化职业农民转身,一方面要尊重农民的公民权,放弃通过合作社、集体化等方式改造农民的企图;另一方面,要根据农民阶层地域分化状况,按照城乡发展一体化的要求,给予城市农民工、城郊农民和居村农民的城乡均等化公共服务,进而使其享有平等的国民权益。Farmers in China are often being regarded as petty-farmers. Although Co-operative Movement and People＇s Commune tried to change farmers into collective labors, they became collective petty-farmers finally because of their weaknesses and backwardness. In the post- People＇s Commune period, the rural social structure as a whole collapsed under the influence of family business while famers were divided into several classes. They were still being identified as farmers and being treated with injustice and prejudice no matter wherever they stay and whatever jobs they take on. In order to change farmers＇ status into urban citizens or professional farmers, we should respect their civil rights and stop converting them in a collective way. On the other hand, we should offer peasant laborers, Suburban farmers and farmers living in country with the same public services like citizen. At the same time, we should consider their geographical differences, obey the rules of the unity of city and countryside. So that farmers may enjoy equal rights with other citizens.

关 键 词：农民身份 改造小农 公共服务 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]