云南天文台全日面太阳黑子照相观测系统的建立I.硬件部分  

Building of a Camera System for Observation of the Full Solar Disk with Sunspots in the Yunnan Observatories I. Hardware

作　　者：顾啸马[1] 叶惠莲[1] 林隽[1] 刘艳霄 杨忠福 邹全[1] 李艳芬 杨军 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院云南天文台,云南昆明650011 [2]昆明市官渡区永胜光学仪器加工厂,云南昆明650021

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2014年第2期151-156,共6页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11333007);国家自然科学基金面上项目(11273055);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CB811403;2013CBA01503);科学院方向性创新重点项目(KJCX2-EW-T07);先导专项B类项目(XDB09000000)资助

摘　　要：利用云南天文台5吋太阳黑子望远镜,通过光学系统的改装配置佳能数码照相机,建立了对太阳全日面黑子实施高分辨观测的照相装置。照相结果表明大小黑子、本影、半影都清晰可见,可以取代长期以来以手工描迹太阳黑子的传统观测方法。照相观测资料的计算机处理,可给出当日太阳黑子相对数、黑子总的球面积和圆面积等主要参数,有关资料处理及软件问题将另文介绍。We have built a high-resolution system for observation of the full solar disk in the Yunnan Observatories using a 5inch solar telescope. We modified the optical system of the telescope and designed a new eyepiece system, which together with the objective lens of the telescope forms a complex imaging system. Our new system can obtain a solar image of size up to 21.4mm on the focal plane. We choose a Canon EOS 5D Mark II digital camera with 21 000 000 pixels and a maximum frame of 36×24mm^2 on the focal plane. The camera is suitable for exposures of 1/2000 second or 1/4000 second. We present two images obtained by the new system to demonstrate its effectiveness. The images are those of the full solar disk with sunspots present and have a resolution of about one arcsecond. In the images all sunspots existing at the observation moments are distinctly visible. The identifiable features include small sunspots and the umbra/penumbra of a large sunspot. In view of the results our system may replace a traditional sunspot observation system which requires an observer to manually trace sunspots and manually reduce recorded data. Digital data obtained by the new system can be processed by computers to find parameters about sunspots, e.g., their daily numbers, total spherical areas, and surface areas. The processing can take advantage of the sunspot model and data processor that have been used for several decades in the Yunnan Observatories. We will describe related data processing and software in another paper.

关 键 词：太阳黑子 照相观测 数码相机 

分 类 号：P141.1[天文地球—天体物理]