不同树龄茶园杂草群落物种组成及多样性差异  

Species Composition and Diversity Differences of Weed Communities in Tea Gardens of Different Ages

作　　者：季敏[1] 孙国俊[1,2] 朱叶芹[3] 张海艳[1] 李粉华[1] 韩敏[1] 袁方[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省金坛市植保植检站,江苏金坛213200 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]江苏省植物保护站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《杂草科学》2014年第1期19-29,共11页Weed Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(编号:200903004-43);江苏省农作物有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究项目

摘　　要：茶园杂草是影响茶叶产量和品质的有害生物因素,调查研究其发生规律可以为制定有效防治措施提供理论依据。为了揭示茶树种植年限的长短对茶园杂草生长的影响,分别于2011年、2012年的4月、10月调查了江苏省金坛市不同树龄茶园的春、秋季杂草的种类、数量、高度,分析了茶树种植年限的长短对杂草种类组成与生物多样性的影响。结果表明:随着茶树种植年限的延长,生境和人工管理资源的影响存在差异的情况下,不同树龄茶园杂草群落的科、属、种组成差异显著,群落结构存在明显分化。其中,成年茶园杂草种类丰富,多年生杂草比例明显高于幼龄茶园,春季的成年茶园杂草群落为一年蓬+菵草+猪殃殃+婆婆纳+繁缕+簇生卷耳,幼龄茶园的杂草群落为菵草+一年蓬+荠菜+小飞蓬+猪殃殃。与幼龄茶园相比,成年茶园春季杂草物种的丰富度、均匀度指数和多样性指数均高于幼龄茶园,杂草群落优势度指数明显低于幼龄茶园,成年茶园春季杂草的主要种较多,群落的结构复杂且稳定,对环境的变化或来自物种群落内部种群波动的缓冲作用强;虽然幼龄茶园春季杂草物种不多,但杂草优势种突出,因此也容易发生严重危害。秋季成年茶园的杂草群落为马唐+牛筋草+一年蓬+小旱稗+铁苋菜+小飞蓬+爵床,幼龄茶园的杂草群落为马唐+牛筋草+虮子草+小旱稗+一年蓬+碎米莎草+铁苋菜+马齿苋。由此可以看出,成年茶园秋季杂草的物种丰富度、优势度指数和多样性指数均高于幼龄茶园,杂草群落均匀度指数略低于幼龄茶园,其群落发生危害的均衡性差,因此容易发生较重危害。Weed infestation of tea gardens is an adverse biotic factor that influences tea yield and quality .Determination of the occurrence patterns of weeds can provide fundamental information for establishment of effective control measures . To reveal the effects of plantation age on weeds growth in tea gardens ,we investigated the species ,density and height of weeds in different age tea gardens in Jintan City of Jiangsu Province during April and October in 2011 and 2012 ,and ana-lysed the effect of growing years of tea trees on species composition and biodiversity of weeds .With the extension of cult-ivation years ,habitat and artificial management affect-ed family,genera and species composition of weeds in tea gardens;the community structure also exhibited evident differentiation .The weeds species in adult tea gardens was plentiful , and the proportion of perennial weeds was significantly higher than in young tea gar-dens.In the spring,the weed community of adult teagardens was composed by Erigeron annuus＋Beckmannia syzigachne＋Galium aparine＋Veronica didyma＋Stellaria media＋Xanthium sibiricum,and that of young tea gardens consisted of Beckmannia syzigachne ＋Erigeron annuus＋Capsella bursa-pastoris＋Conyza canadnsis＋Galium aparine.Abundance of spring weed species ,evenness index and diversity in-dex in adult tea gardens were higher than in young tea gardens ,while the community superiority index in adult tea gardens was obviously lower than in young tea gardens .Main species of spring weeds in adult gardens were abundant ,community structure was stable and complicated ,and buffer effect on environmental change or population fluctuation in species com -munity was strong .Although spring weed species were not abundant in young tea gardens , the dominant weeds species were outstanding ,so serious damage easily occur .The weeds community of adult tea gardens in autumn were Digitaria sanguinalis＋Eleusine indica＋Erigeron annuus＋Echinochloa crusgalli var.austro -japonensis＋Acalypha australis ＋Conyza

关 键 词：不同树龄茶园 杂草群落 物种组成 优势度 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]