虫害对草地生态系统生物量危害损失评估  

The Evaluation Index System for Biomass Loss of Grass Pests

作　　者：李林懋[1] 欧阳芳[2] 戈峰[2] 丁楠[1] 门兴元[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/山东省植物病毒学重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]中国科学院动物研究所/农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2014年第1期13-19,共7页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200321);国家自然科学基金重点项目(31030012);环保部专项(STSN-04-04)

摘　　要：根据我国农业部统计数据,结合全国草地覆盖遥感数据,结合全国草地覆盖遥感数据,利用生态能学方法,评估了2000—2010年虫害对我国草地生态系统生物量危害损失。结果表明:11年期间全国由于虫害造成草地生物量损失约为年均230.9万t,损失量呈现先上升后下降后上升再下降的波动趋势,年份间危害差异变化很大,最高年份(2008年),损失328.5万t,占我国牧草需求量的32.8%。区域草地虫害强度排序为:中部>西部>东部,西部和中部共占比例高达96%;华北>西北>东北>西南,其中内蒙古省年均损失量占全国总量的53.47%。这种特征与中国草被覆盖分布及防治科技发展程度密切相关。评估结果显示,我国草地生态系统虫害分布范围广,危害损失巨大,危害动态波动变化,应该加强对重点区域的草原虫害监测和预报,制定应对草原虫害治理策略。With the statistics provided by National Ministry of Agriculture combined with the remote sensing data of grassland coverage, the grassland ecosystem biomass hazards of China during 2000 to 2010 was estimated in perspective of ecological energetics. Results showed 2309kt grass was lost annually by pests, which firstly increased and then decreased and then increased, and declined again with trend of fluctuation in this period of the given 11 years. 3.285 million tons were lost in the most severe year （2008） in which the proportion of grass loss account for about 32.8%of annual average grass demand of China. The general grass loss order was：Middle Region＆gt;Western Region＆gt;Eastern Region. The grass loss in both Western Region and Middle Region totally accounted for 96%. For seven national regions in China, the order was：Northern China＆gt;Northwestern China＆gt;Northeastern China＆gt;Southwestern China. Inner Mongolia accounted for an average annual loss of 53.47%. These features were closely related to the grassland distribution and control technology development in China. The evaluation results indicated that with the widely distribution of grassland pests and the increasingly huge and dynamic loss trend, grassland pest monitoring and forecasting of the key areas should be strengthened, and the main pest management strategies should be established specifically.

关 键 词：生物量 生态效率 草地 虫害 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]