中国省级电力碳排放责任核算方法及应用  

Accounting Method and Its Application of Provincial Electricity CO_2 Emissions Responsibility

作　　者：付坤[1] 齐绍洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第4期27-34,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"低碳经济转型下的中国碳排放交易体系研究"(编号:10JZD0018);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(编号:NCET-10-0646);国家社会科学基金重大项目"绿色经济实现路径--中国碳金融交易机制研究"(编号:12&ZD059);国家自然科学基金青年项目"国际贸易对我国碳排放效率的影响及政策研究"(编号:71303176);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"国际贸易对我国碳排放效率的影响及政策研究"(编号:13YJC790073)

摘　　要：在对中国省级电力碳排放责任核算时,综合考虑生产者责任和消费者责任,有利于促成各省份更加公平地承担减排责任并协同减排。本文提出了基于共担责任原则下的省级电力排放核算方法,并同时考虑了电力跨区交换因素,这不仅有利于电力生产端和消费端共同承担排放责任,而且也使得电力净调出和调入省份能够合理承担相应的碳排放责任。基于本文提出的方法,核算了2011年中国各省电力碳排放责任。计算结果显示:①相对于生产者责任核算方法,共担责任原则核算方法使中国主要电力生产省份的碳排放责任减少10%以上,而一些电力消费省份的电力碳排放责任则增加20%以上;②基于共担责任核算原则,电力排放量最大的省份是内蒙古,排放最小的省份是海南省;③净调出电力排放量最大的4个省份分别为内蒙古、山西、湖北和安徽,2011年净调出电力排放均在1 400万t以上,这4个省份净调出电力排放占全国的74.42%,而净调入电力排放量最大的6个省份分别为河北、北京、广东、辽宁、山东和江苏,2011年净调入电力的排放均在1 100万t以上,这6个省份电力净调入排放占全国的71.44%;④进一步估算出的各省级电力消费排放因子,有利于在避免重复计算的情况下,核算电力终端消费的碳排放责任,如建筑、汽车制造等行业;此外,利用该因子还可核算各省级电网的排放责任。It is a great significance to consider the scope of both producers＇ and the consumers＇ responsibility since it would promote the fairness in trans-regional emissions reduction cooperation among provinces. This paper provides a new solution method in calculating the provincial electricity carbon emissions based on the shared responsibility by taking the factor of interregional electricity trade into consideration. This method would raise the sense of mutual responsibility for both the electricity production side and the consumption side and ensure the rationality of corresponding responsibility proportion in emissions reduction between the net electricity outflow and inflow among the provinces as well. We account the estimated carbon emissions responsibility of power generation based on 2011 statistic data. The empirical resuhs indicate that the production-based criterion altering to the shared responsibility criterion would lead to over 10% of carbon emission responsibility reduction, while it surge more than 20% carbon emission responsibility for electricity consumption provinces. Secondly, based on the principle of shared responsibility accounting, the province of largest power emissions was Inner Mongolia, the province of smallest power emissions was Hainan. Thirdly, the results also presents that the largest four provinces in China of net power emissions outflow were Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hubei and Anhui. The amount of net carbon emissions transferred out of those provinces have reached up to 14 million tons in 2011, which occupied 74.42% of total power emissions in the nationwide. At the same time, the largest six provinces of net power emissions inflow were Hebei, Beijing, Guangdong, Liaoning, Shandong and Jiangsu , whose net power emissions outflow reached to the amount of 11 million tons in 2011, taking up 71.44% of total carbon emission nationally. Lastly, this paper further estimates the provincial emission factors of electricity consumption, which will help avoiding double counting when accountin

关 键 词：共担责任 发电效率 二氧化碳排放 排放因子 

分 类 号：X323[环境科学与工程—环境工程]