河南省1～14岁人群乙型肝炎疫苗接种率调查  

Investigation and analysis of the immunization coverage of hepatitis B vaccine among individuals between 1-14 years of age in Henan Province

作　　者：董蒲梅[1] 李军[1] 郭万申[1] 徐谨[1] 郭永豪[1] 叶莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第8期1394-1397,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 了解河南省1～14岁人群乙肝疫苗（简称HepB）接种情况，为提高HepB接种质量提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，对河南省30个县（区）1～14岁人群共13 208人进行调查，采用EpiData3.1建立数据库，用SPSS17.0进行统计分析。结果 1～14岁人群HepB全程接种率、合格接种率和及时接种率分别为91.95%、71.21%和80.01%，年龄越小，全程接种率、合格接种率和及时接种率均越高；HepB全程接种率、合格接种率和及时接种率均为城镇高于农村；乡镇卫生院出生儿童HepB首针及时接种率低于在县级及以上医院出生儿童，在家出生儿童HepB首针及时接种率远低于在县级及以上医院和在乡镇卫生院出生儿童；HepB纳入EPI后，出生人群HepB 3种接种率均高于在此之前出生人群；首针不及时接种是不合格接种的主要原因。结论 14年来，HepB全程接种率、合格接种率和首针及时接种率均不断提高，但保持较高孕产妇的住院分娩率，加强培训和指导，提高农村儿童HepB接种率仍是今后工作重点。Objective The study was conducted to assess the immunization coverage of hepatitis B （Hep B） vaccine among individu- als between 1-14 years of age in Henan Province, aiming to provide a reference for improving the quality of hepatitis B vaccination. Methods A total of 13208 people aged between 1-14 from 30 counties （or districts） in Henan were selected by multi-stage random sampling and surveyed. EpiData3.1 was used to establish a database and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS17.0. Results The coverage, compliance, and timely vaccination coverage of full-course Hep B vaccines among the subjects were 91.95%, 71.21%, and 80.01%, respectively. The younger the subjects, the higher the immunization coverage, compliance, and timely vaccination rates were. The coverage, compliance, and timely vaccination rates of full-course Hep B vaccines in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas. The timely immunization rate of first shot of Hep B vaccine in children born in township health centers was lower than that in children born in hospitals above county-levels; the rate was even lower in children born at home. The three vaccination rates in people born after the inclusion of Hep B into the EPI program were higher than that in people born before the inclusion. Delayed vaccination of the first shot of Hep B vaccine was the main reason to the non-complying immunizations. Conclusion For 14 years, the immunization coverage and compliance of full-course Hep B vaccines and the timely vaccination rate of the first shot of Hep B vaccine has been improving. However, maintaining a high rate of hospital birth among pregnant women, strengthening the relevant trainings and supports, and increasing the immunization coverage of Hep B vaccines among rural children remain the primary fo- cuses of hepatitis B immunization.

关 键 词：乙肝疫苗(HepB) 接种率 调查 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]