我国唐古特大黄主产区资源现状调查及其可持续利用途径分析  

Resource situation investigation about Rheum tanguticum and its sustainable utilization analysis in main production area of China

作　　者：李莉[1] 刘凯[2] 魏胜利[2,3] 程小丽[2] 刘娟[2,4] 任广喜[2] 王文全[2,4,3] 

机构地区：[1]长春中医药大学药学院,吉林长春130117 [2]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京100102 [3]中药材规范化生产教育部工程研究中心,北京100102 [4]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用植物研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2014年第8期1407-1412,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30973880,31170307);国家科技基础性工作项目(SB2007FY020)

摘　　要：唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum是中药大黄的重要基原,然而,由于多年的过度采挖其野生资源遭到了严重的破坏。该文在查阅唐古特大黄相关的文献资料的基础上,采用走访调查和现地样方调查相结合的方法,特别是采用了本课题组提出的线路样方法和植被+土壤类型图面积估算法对青海、甘肃和四川3省区15个县的野生和5个县的栽培唐古特大黄资源进行了调查。结果发现我国野生唐古特大黄分布范围与历史记载没有发生明显的变化,只是种群的密集程度发生了较大改变,很多地区野生唐古特大黄药材的蕴藏量严重下降,部分地区的野生资源面临枯竭。根据调查估算当前全国野生唐古特大黄药材蕴藏量不足5 000 t,栽培唐古特大黄蓄积量约为1 607 t。可见唐古特大黄野生资源以近枯竭,建议将唐古特大黄列入保护植物的名录;栽培唐古特大黄日后必将成为其药材资源的主要来源。因此,保护唐古特大黄种质资源,收集并建立种质资源圃和种子库,在此基础上开展唐古特大黄的良种选育研究已迫在眉睫。This study was conducted to investigate the wild and cuhivated resource situation of Rheum tanguticum in main pro- duction area of China, estimate its reserves, and put forward the feasible approach for the sustainable utilization of R. tanguticum. On the basis of the literature data about R. tanguticum, conbined with interview, investigation and sampling investigation, the total reserve of resources is estimated using the route-quadrat method and the vegetation and soil-type map area method proposed by our research group. The results indicate that there is no obvious change between the present distribution ranges of the wild R. tanguticum and its historical records, but its population density has changed clearly. The reserve of the wild R. tanguticum has seriously declined in lots of place, even faced the exhaustion in some regions. According to the investigation, the resource reserve of the wild R. tanguticum is no more than 5 000 t, and the cultivated is about 1 607 t. The resource reserve of the wild R. tanguticum is nearly depleted, and this suggests that the wild R. tanguticum should be enrolled in the protection plant list, and the cultivated will become the main resource of Rhubarb in the future. So it is extremely neccessary to collect and protect the germplasm resource of R. tanguticum, establish the germplasm nursery and repository, and conduct breeding research on those bases.

关 键 词：唐古特大黄 中药资源调查 可持续利用 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]