人工湿地两种挺水植被净化生活污水效果研究  

Removal Effect of Two Macrophytes of Constructed Wetland to Domestic Sewage

作　　者：韩丛丛[1] 杨阳[1] 刘秉儒[1] 谢应忠[1,2] 卜晓燕[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏职业技术学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第8期57-61,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41061003);宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(NZ12217);宁夏高校科学研究基金重点资助项目(NGY2012123)

摘　　要：人工湿地中挺水植被对生活污水的净化效果尚未完全揭示,以黄花鸢尾(Iris pseudacorus)和美人蕉(Canna indica)2种常见的挺水植被组建的潜流式人工湿地为研究对象,以无植被的人工湿地为对照,比较研究了人工湿地的植被对生活污水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4-N)、化学耗氧量(COD)的去除效果。结果表明:有植被的人工湿地和无植被的人工湿地对生活污水TN、TP、NH4-N、COD均有明显的去除效果,并且以COD的去除效果最好,NH4-N、TN、TP的去除效果次之;有植被的人工湿地对TN、TP、NH4-N、COD的去除作用明显高于无植被的人工湿地,二者的去除率随人工湿地时期变化其总趋势保持一致,均在人工湿地的稳定期最高,稳定期以后逐渐下降并趋于平稳,对TN、NH4-N、COD的去除率随人工湿地时期的变化呈单峰曲线,而对TP的去除率随时期的变化呈先平稳后下降趋势;综合比较,人工湿地的挺水植被能有效促进湿地对污染物的去除效果,但是不同植物之间去除效果存在一定的差异,美人蕉的去除效果明显高于黄花鸢尾,二者对TN、TP、NH4-N、COD去除贡献率分别为40.37%、39.08%、42.75%、41.93%和26.06%、30.56%、30.38%、31.86%。Removal effect of macrophytes of constructed wetland to domestic sewage remain poorly understood, taking Iris pseudacorus and Canna indica as materials, using constructed wetland without macrophyte as CK, comprehensive analysis was present based on constructed wetlands with two macrophytes and without macrophyte, and removal effect of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, ammonia nitrogen （NH4-N） and chemical oxygen consumption （COD） in domestic sewage were compared. The results showed that constructed wetlands had obvious removal effect which was significantly higher on COD. Removal effect of constructed wetland with macrophytes was higher than constructed wetland without macrophytes on TN, TP, NH4-N and COD, and the removal rates were consistent with constructed wetland period which was highest in stable period, and then the removal rate gradually decline and leveled off after stable period. The removal rate of TN, NH4-N and COD was unimodal curve along constructed wetland period, and the removal rate of TP was leveled off and then decline along with constructed wetland period. The finding suggests that macrophytes of eonstructed wetland could effectively promote pollutants, and there were some differences in different periods of constructed wetland between macrophytes removal effect, but there was a different between macrophytes,and the removal efficiency of Canna indica was obviously higher than that of Iris pseudacorus, and the contribution on TN,NH4-N and COD removal rates were 40. 37% ,39. 08% ,42. 75% ,41.93% and 26. 06% ,30. 56%,30. 38% ,31.86% ,respectively.

关 键 词：人工湿地 挺水植被 净化 生活污水 去除效果 

分 类 号：S682.32[农业科学—观赏园艺]