密云水库上游河流入库段氮及磷的空间分布和评价  

Spatial Distribution and Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Upstream Rivers in Miyun Reservoir

作　　者：李新荣[1] 李顺江[1] 杨金凤[1] 肖长坤 时文学 赵同科[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]北京市密云县农业技术推广站,北京101500

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第8期152-155,共4页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家科技部"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD15B01);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8142018);北京市优秀人才资助项目(2011D002020000001)

摘　　要：为总体掌握密云上游河流入库段中主要污染物及其空间分布,2012年在密云水库上游河流(潮河、白河和清水河)入库段的14个河流断面,采用每月定位监测方法采集水样210个,研究河流断面中氮、磷空间分布。结果表明:在3条河流入库段,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝态氮(NO3-N)和氨态氮(NH3-N)含量分布均为潮河>清水河>白河,其中污染最严重的潮河的TN、TP、NO3-N和NH3-N的含量均值分别为4.63、0.024、4.41、0.17mg/L;在空间分布上,潮河监测断面从上游至入库点,TN、NO3-N、NH3-N浓度呈逐渐降低趋势,可能与河道水利工程,河流自净、稀释相关;按照国家地表水环境质量标准衡量,3条河流的总磷、氨氮指标浓度符合地表水Ⅱ类标准,硝态氮符合地表水源地水质标准,但是3条河流总氮均值均超过国家地表水Ⅴ类水质标准(2.0mg/L),在14个监测断面中有13个总氮为劣Ⅴ类;可见河流入库段总氮含量较高是现阶段密云水库面临的主要水质威胁;采用单项污染指数法对3条河流全年平均浓度进行水质评价,总氮归类重污染,总磷和氨态氮归类无污染。The aim of study is to get main pollutants and spatial distribution in the upstream rivers in Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. 210 water samples were collected from fourteen river sections in every month in 2012 to study spatial distribution of nitrog,en and phosphorus. The results showed the same orders of the content of TN, TP, NO3-N and NH3-N were Chao River〉Qingshui River〉Bai River. The average measured concentration of TN, TP, NO3-N and NH3-N of Chao River were 4. 63,0. 024,4. 41 and 0. 17 mg/L, separately. The spatial distribution of concentration of TN, NO3-N, NH3-N were gradually decreased from upstream to the sections near the reservoir in Chao River, and maybe associated with the water conservancy project, the river self-purification and dilution. According to the national environmental water quality standards,the concentration of NH3-N,TP of three rivers were classified to level II, but TN exceed the quality standard of level V,also,the concentration of TN of thirteen river sections exceeded the standard of level V （2. 0 mg/L）. Single contamination index method applied to evaluate water quality on the annual average TN,TP and NH3-N,it showed that TP and NH3-N classified into no pollution, but TN being heavy pollution indicating that the Nitrogen pollution cannot be ignored in upstream rivers to Miyun reservoir.

关 键 词：密云水库 空间分布 氮 磷 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]