新疆棉花生产技术现状与存在的问题  

Status of Cotton Production Technologies in Xinjiang and Its Existing Problems

作　　者：田立文[1] 崔建平 徐海江[1] 郭仁松[1] 林涛 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830042 [2]阿瓦提县长绒棉研发中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830042

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2013年第34期13164-13167,13193,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部富民强县项目;农业部公益性行业项目(20100304 307);农业部国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-18-07);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室资助

摘　　要：新疆自然生态条件总体较好,棉区种植规模稳定在165万hm2左右,总产量335万t左右,棉花纤维品质优,是世界重要的陆地棉与海岛棉产区。新疆棉花有完善的种植管理技术体系,该体系包括"矮、密、早"核心技术和以地膜覆盖、适宜品种选择、滴灌技术应用、果棉间作等的配套技术,可充分利用当地光、热、水、土资源,克服新疆棉区生态条件不足部分,实现新疆棉花高产、稳产与优质目标,无疑新疆棉花种植技术水平较高,对世界其他棉区棉花生产有重要的参考价值。同时针对新疆棉花生产中存在的问题,特别是水资源短缺、自然灾害严重、植棉成本快速上升、以及过多依靠化肥、地膜投入等问题,文中提出进一步加大节水灌溉技术推广力度、完善抗灾与全程机械化等技术措施,并在文中针对棉花现有收储政策存在的弊端进行了分析。Xinjiang has overall good natural ecological conditions with relatively high yield, large area and good quality of cotton. The cultiva- tion scale of Xinjiang cotton-planting area has stabilized at aroundl. 65 million hm2, and the total yield achieves approximately 3.35 million t. Xinjiang is one of the important producing areas of upland cotton and sea-island cotton in the world with perfect cultivation and management technology system, including ＂dwarf, dense, early＂ core technology and its supporting technologies such as film mulching, selection of appro- priate cuhivars, drip irrigation technology and fruit-cotton intercropping, which takes full use of local light, water and soil resources and over- comes the deficiency of ecological conditions in Xinjiang cotton fields, thus ensuring the achievement of high yield and stable yield of cotton in Xinjiaug. Cotton planting technology system has important reference value for cotton production in other countries. The existing issues in Xin- jiang cotton production, such as water shortages, severe natural disasters, rapid increase in cultivation costs and overdependence on chemical fertilizers and plastic film should be solved by further popularization and improvement of water-saving irrigation techniques, disaster prevention measures and mechanized manufacturing technologies. Aiming at solving the drawbacks of existing cotton purchasing and storage policy, the new policy in 2014 will not only protect the interests of cotton farmers, but also improve the market competitiveness of the entire cotton industry in China, especially for the textile industry.

关 键 词：新疆棉花 基本情况 技术 现状 矮密早管理 配套技术 问题 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]