主要栽培因素对甘蓝型油菜产油量的影响  

Effects of Main Cultivation Factors on Rapeseed Oil Yield

作　　者：赵继献[1] 杜才富[1] 任廷波[1] 程国平[1] 王仙萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省油菜研究所,贵州思南565109

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2013年第34期13174-13177,13213,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家油菜现代产业技术体系建设项目(nycytx-00563);贵州省农业科学院"甘蓝型杂交油菜高油份品种配套高产保优栽培技术研究"[院ZX(2007)015号];贵州省农业厅"杂交油菜新品种油研599高产配套技术研究及推广应用"[黔农育专字(2009)007号];贵州省农业科学院"杂交油菜油研599大面积中间试验及推广应用"[黔农科专项(2009)030号];贵州省科技厅"高油分杂交油菜新品种三北98制种技术集成创新及大面积示范推广"[黔科合NY字(2010)3087号];贵州省油菜现代产业技术体系建设项目(GZ-CYTX2013-0802)

摘　　要：[目的]研究播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量、施硼量6个主要栽培因素对甘蓝型油菜产油量的影响.[方法]利用已有的研究资料和笔者的试验研究资料进行统计分析.[结果]产油量与播期呈负相关、与密度多呈一元二次抛物线关系,与氮肥施用量呈一元二次抛物线关系、与磷、钾肥呈直线相关关系,与硼肥施用量呈一元二次抛物线关系,关于磷、钾、硼肥对油菜产油量的影响有待进一步研究.高油份品种（≥44.00％）获得最高产油量的施氮量平均为185.18 kg/hm2,产油量平均为1 442.60 kg/hm2.含油率较低品种（＜42.00％）获得最高产油量时的施氮量平均为286.28 kg/hm2,产油量平均为1 350.57 kg/hm2,高含油率品种产油量比含油率较低品种的产油量平均高6.81％;当施纯氮185.18 kg/hm2时,含油率较低品种的产油量平均为1 247.84 kg/hm2,高含油率品种产油量比含油率较低品种的产油量平均高15.61％.油菜品种含油量与获得最高产油量的施氮间呈极显著负相关（-0.9800＊＊）.甘蓝型优质杂交油菜高油份品种高产保优栽培措中氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用量分别为187.5 ～ 195、105 ～ 120、135 ～ 150、22.5 kg/hm2.密度和播期根据各地栽培习惯而定,贵州油菜移栽播期9月10 ～ 16日,密度6～10.5万株/hm2.[结论]明确了播期、密度、施氮量对甘蓝型油菜产油量的影响,提出高油份品种高产保优栽培措施.[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of six cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer a- mount, phosphate fertilizer amount, potash fertilizer amount and boron fertilizer amount on seed oil yield of Brassica napus. [ Method ] Statisti- cal analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [ Result] Oil yield shared a negative correlation with sowing date, a parabolic relationship with plant density mostly, parabolic relationships with amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer and amount of applied boron fertilizer, straight - line relationships with amount of applied phosphate fertilizer and amount of applied potash fertilizer. The average a- mount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required to obtain the highest oil yield was 185.18 kg/hm2 for high - oil rape varieties （with oil content a- bove 44.00% ）, and under this condition, the average oil yield of low - oil rape varieties （ with oil content below 42. 00% ） was 1 247.84 kg/hm^2, while that of high- oil rape varieties was 1 442.60 kg/hm2, which was 15.61% more than the former. The average amount of ap- plied nitrogen fertilizer required to obtain the highest oil yield for lower - oil rape varieties was 286.28 kg./hm2 , and under this condition, the average oil yield of the low - oil rape varieties was 1 350.57 kg/hm2, while that of the high - oil varieties was 6.81% higher than it. There was a significant negative correlation between rapeseed oil yield and the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer to obtain the highest oil yield （0.980 0^＊＊ ）. The optimum amount of applied nitrogen, phosphate, potash and boron fertilizer were 187.5 - 195, 187.5 - 195, 105 - 120, 135 -150 and 15 -22.5 kg/hm2 for high -oil B. napus varieties. [ Conclusion] This study determined the influence of sowing date, plant density and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer on oil yield of B. napus, and proposed an optimum cultivation pattern for high - oil varieties.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 栽培因素 产油量 影响 保优栽培 Brassica NAPUS L 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]