不同土壤水分条件下冬小麦根系分布及根冠特性的研究  

Study on the Root Distribution and Root Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Different Soil and Water Conditions

作　　者：丰焕平 谭秀山[1] 毕建杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2013年第35期13465-13467,13471,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项研究(GYHY201306046-05);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD32B02)

摘　　要：[目的]为了探讨在不同土壤水分条件下不同类型的冬小麦品种根系在不同层次土壤中的分布及根冠特性,为科学灌溉提供必要的理论依据.[方法]采用池栽方法设水分过量、水分适宜、轻度干旱和严重干旱4个处理.在冬小麦不同生长发育期进行定量灌溉,再分别取不同层次的土壤进行根系的获取,深度为0～10、10 ～20、20～30 cm,并同步测定地上部干重,计算根冠比.[结果]4个水分梯度下2个冬小麦的根系分布和根冠比存在差异,在0～10 cm土壤中根干重占80％以上,10～20 cm根干重占10％以上,20～30 cm根干重占5％左右;在轻度干旱条件下,大穗型品种山农21根冠比呈升高趋势,小穗型品种山农20除成熟期外其余生育期也呈上升趋势.[结论]在华北地区,小麦全生育期需求有效土壤水分为460 mm以上,而平均降水量仅为150 mm左右的前提下,灌2次水基本可以满足冬小麦全生育期水分需求.因此,适当地减少灌溉次数,小麦产量并不一定下降.[ Objective ] To investigate root distribution and root-canopy characteristics of winter wheat varieties under different soil water con- ditions, provide the necessary theoretical basis for the scientific irrigation. [ Method] Pond culture method was adopted, 4 treatments （exces- sive irrigation, moderate irrigation, slight drought and severe drought） applied. Quantifying irrigation was used in different growth stages of winter wheat varieties, roots of these wheat varieties taken from different soil layers （0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm, 20 - 30 cm）, dry weight of aboveground parts measured, root-canopy ratio calculated. [ Result] Root distribution and root-canopy ratio of 2 winter wheat varieties under 4 water gradients were different from each other, dry weight of roots in 0 - 10 cm soil layer accounts for 80% and higher, that in 10 -20 cm soil layer 10%, that in 20 - 30 cm soil layer 5%. Under slight drought, root-canopy ratio of big-ear wheat variety Shannong 21 increases, that of small-ear wheat variety Shannong 20 also increases in all growth stages except the maturation stage. [ Conclusion] The demand of rainfall was about more than 460 mm in the whole growth period of wheat in North China, however, the average annual rainfall was only about 150 mm. The study showed that through reducing the number of irrigation appropriate, wheat yield didn＇ t necessarily fall.

关 键 词：土壤水分 冬小麦 根干重 根冠比 生育期 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]