2013年媒体报道接种乙型肝炎疫苗事件对儿童家长影响的快速调查  

Quick Assessment on the Influence of Hepatitis B Vaccine Event Reported by Media to Children's Parents in 2013

作　　者：岳晨妍[1,2] 孙校金[1,2] 韦宁[3] 郭立春[2] 郝增平[2] 赵金华[2] 崔哲哲[2] 肖林[2] 朱晓磊[2] 莫想换[2] 余文周[1] 施国庆[2] 安志杰[1] 崔富强[1] 王华庆[1] 李黎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学培训项目,北京100050 [3]北京协和医学院公共卫生学院,北京102200

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2014年第2期100-104,192,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的了解2013年媒体报道的接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗事件,对儿童家长接种乙肝疫苗态度、行为的影响,比较不同阶段儿童家长态度和行为的变化,为制定宣传策略提供参考。方法此次调查为便利抽样,采用现场拦截调查法,分别于2013年12月19日和12月29日开展两次调查,现场调查通过面对面一问一答形式完成。结果2013年12月19日和12月29日,分别调查93名和151名学龄前儿童家长。两次调查儿童家长对接种乙肝疫苗事件的知晓率分别为18.3%和77.5%。两次调查中,大学专科(大专)及以上文化程度的儿童家长,肯定或怀疑儿童死亡与接种乙肝疫苗有关的占82.2%(88/107),高于中学及以下文化程度儿童家长的57.7%(15/26)(χ2=7.22,P=0.007);大专及以上文化程度的儿童家长表示,儿童接种乙肝疫苗会或可能会受此事件影响的占66.4%(71/107),高于中学及以下文化程度儿童家长的38.5%(10/26)(χ2=6.83,P=0.009)。两次调查中,知道接种乙肝疫苗事件者认为疫苗不安全的分别占31.3%和36.8%,高于不知道事件者认为疫苗不安全的8.5%和2.9%。儿童家长获取信息的主要途径为网络、电视和手机等,最值得信赖的信息渠道为政府部门。结论接种乙肝疫苗事件对公众对于接种乙肝疫苗和预防接种安全性的信心产生较大影响。要加大对儿童家长的宣传力度,重点通过网络、电视等途径开展宣传,及时公布正面信息,消除儿童家长的疑虑。Objective To assess the impact of hepatitis B vaccine event to children＇s parents on their attitude, practice towards hepatitis B vaccine immunization, compare parents＇ attitude and behavior in different stages. Methods Using convenience sampling and intercept survey method, conduct two investigations on 19th and 29th December 2013 respectively, and interview the parents face to face. Results 93 and 151 preschool children parents were investigated on December 19th and 29th respectively, and parents＇ awareness about this event are 18.3% and 77.5%. During these two investigations, 82.2% （88/107）parents with junior college or above think or doubt children＇ die is associated with vaccination, which is higher than parents with lower degree education level 57.7% （ 15/ 26） （X2 = 7.22, P = 0. 007 ）;66.4% （71/107）parents with junior college or above think children＇vaccination will or maybe affected by the event, which is higher than parents with lower degree education level 38.5% （10/26） （X2 = 6.83, P = 0. 009）. 31.3% and 36. 8% parents who know the event think vaccine is unsafe, which is higher than parents who don＇t know（8.5% and 2. 9% ）. The mainly information channel for parents are internet, TV and mobile phone, government department is most trusted channel. Conclusion This event has relatively high influence on parents＇ confidence in vaccine. Publicity work should be enhanced, especially through internet and TV, active information need to be released in time to eliminate parents＇ hesitation.

关 键 词：接种乙型肝炎疫苗事件 儿童家长 影响 快速调查 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.62[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]