设施蔬菜种植年限对氮素循环微生物群落结构和丰度的影响  

Effects of vegetable cultivation years on microbial biodiversity and abundance of nitrogen cycling in greenhouse soils

作　　者：王亚男[1] 曾希柏[1] 王玉忠 白玲玉[1] 苏世鸣[1] 吴翠霞[1] 李莲芳[1] 段然[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]甘肃省凉州区农业技术推广中心,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第4期1115-1124,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B06);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：以甘肃武威设施菜地为研究对象，采用末端限制性片段多态性分析（PCR—T—RFLP）和实时荧光定量PCR（real．timePCR）相结合的方法，研究了设施菜地种植3、9、14、17年等年限下土壤中细菌、氨氧化细菌（AOB）和nirK型反硝化细菌群落结构和丰度的变化．结果表明：设施菜地中细菌、氨氧化细菌和nirK型反硝化细菌优势种群及丰度与大田明显不同，并随种植年限不同发生变化．随种植年限的增加，细菌和nirK型反硝化细菌的丰度呈现先增后减的趋势，分别在种植14年和9年达到最大，0～20cm土层为每克干土9．67×10^9、2．30×10^9个拷贝数，是种植3年的1．51、1．52倍；而氨氧化细菌的丰度则呈现出先减后增的趋势，在种植14年的0～20cm土层为每克干土3．28×10^9个拷贝数，仅是种植3年土壤的45．7％，说明设施菜地中参与氮素循环的功能微生物生态适应机制存在显著差异．研究结果为进一步研究设施栽培条件下土壤微生物的适应机制等奠定了基础．The effects of facility vegetable cultivation years （three, nine, fourteen or seventeen years） on biodiversity and abundance of soil microorganisms, such as bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） and nirK type denitrifying bacteria, in the greenhouse soils in Wuwei of Gansu Province, China were determined by the combined analyses of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the dominant population structure and abundance of bacteria, AOB, nirK type denitrifying bacteria in the soils were significantly different from those in the farmland fields. The dominant population also changed with the cultivation years. With the increase of vegetable cultivation years, the abundance of 16S rRNA and nirK gene in the 0-20 cm soil layer first increased and then decreased, with the maxi- mum values of 9.67x109and 2.30x107 copies ~ g-lsoil at year 14 and year 9, being as 1.51 and 1.52 times of that of the 3-year, respectively. However, the abundance of amoA gene showed an opposite trend. The amoA gene copy number in the 14-year sample was 3.28 x 107 copies ~ g-1 soil, which was only 45.7% of that of the 3-year. These results illustrated that the ecological adaptation mechanisms of the different functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycling had significant differences in the facility vegetable soils, and provided a base for further researches on exploring and explaining the characteristics and adaptation mechanisms of microorganisms in greenhouse soil.

关 键 词：蔬菜种植年限 末端限制性片段多态性分析 实时荧光定量PCR 群落结构和丰度 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]