不同采样设计评估鱼类群落效果比较  

A comparative study of different sampling designs in fish community estimation

作　　者：赵静[1] 章守宇[1,2] 林军[1] 周曦杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学海洋生态系统与环境实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第4期1181-1187,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41176110);国家"973"计划前期研究专项(2011CB111608);国家海洋公益性项目(201005013);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY13D060006)资助

摘　　要：鱼类群落生态学研究结果的准确性很大程度上依赖于采样设计的合理性和准确性,正确的采样调查设计不仅可以降低调查成本,其结果也对渔业资源的评估或者管理起到相当重要的作用.本文利用计算机模拟定点采样、简单随机采样和分层采样,比较了3种采样设计的采样效果、相对误差及相对偏差.结果表明:定点采样设计的采样效果(采样效果平均值为3.37)要弱于简单随机采样和分层随机采样(采样效果平均值为0.961).3种采样设计中,分层采样设计在鱼类群落丰富度评估时表现最好,其采样效果、相对误差和相对偏差表现最佳.随着采样数的增加,分层采样设计的采样效果有所下降,但其采样精度提高.The study of fishery community ecology depends on quality and quantity of data collected from well-designed sampling programs. The optimal sampling design must be cost-efficient, and the sampling results have been recognized as a significant factor affecting resources management. In this paper, the performances of stationary sampling, simple random sampling and stratified random sam- piing in estimating fish community were compared based on computer simulation by design effect （De）, relative error （REE） and relative bias （RB）. The results showed that, De of stationary sampling （average De was 3.37 ） was worse than simple random sampling and stratified random sampling （ average De was 0. 961 ）. Stratified random sampling performed best among the three de- signs in terms of De, REE and RB. With the sample size increased, the design effect of stratified random sampling decreased but the precision and accuracy increased.

关 键 词：采样设计 鱼类群落 丰富度 定点采样 简单随机采样 分层采样 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]