基于π体系的超分子功能材料的制备与应用研究  

Preparation and Application of Supramolecular Functional Materials Based on π System

作　　者：许良[1,2] 李勇军[1] 李玉良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所北京分子科学国家实验室有机固体院重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,100049

出　　处：《化学进展》2014年第4期487-501,共15页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：近年来,聚集态结构材料制备方法的快速发展和应用领域的不断拓宽使得构建更小、更快、功能性强、性能优越的分子器件成为可能。π体系有机共轭分子作为构筑纳米结构的一个新颖单元,越来越吸引人们的注意。本文从纳米材料的概念和特点出发,介绍了基于π体系有机共轭分子的超分子功能材料以及无机/有机杂化功能材料体系的构建方法。我们重点讨论了经典自组装的方法,并且进一步探讨了自组装过程中常见的几种驱动力对形成聚集态结构起到的重要作用。在材料制备的基础之上,我们还探讨了各种功能化器件的构建以及它们在场发射、光电探测、太阳能电池、传感器、非线性光学材料、光波导材料等领域的广泛应用。Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of the preparation methods for aggregation structures and have witnessed a continuous expansion of the application areas, which afford the opportunity to construct molecular devices with smaller size, stronger function and better performance. The organic conjugated molecules based on π system have attracted an increasing attention as a novel unit for the building of nanostructures. In this paper, beginning with the introduction of the concept and characteristic of nanomaterials, we discuss the construction methods for supramolecular functional materials based on organic π-conjugated and inorganic/ organic hybrid systems. For organic π-conjugated system, the methods include vapor deposition, template and classic self-assembly. For inorganic/organic hybrid system, the methods include sol-gel, intercalation, blending, template and supramolecular self-assembly. Among these methods, we focus on the classic self-assembly one for organic system. In the process of self-assembly, several driving forces have important influence on the aggregation morphologies, including π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, dipole-dipole interaction, metal coordination, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Although in this process, one or two driving force predominate, several driving forces are involved actually. On the basis of the preparation of nanomaterials, we discuss the construction of functional molecular devices and their wide applications in the fields of field emission, photoelectric detection, solar cells, sensors, nonlinear optical and optical waveguide materials.

关 键 词：π体系 超分子化学 制备 应用 

分 类 号：O641.3[理学—物理化学] TB34[理学—化学]