政府放权与高校自治——德国高等教育管理的新公共管理改革  

Administrative Decentralization and Academic Autonomy:New Public Management Reform in German Universities

作　　者：孙进[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2014年第2期36-43,112-113,共8页Modern University Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"德国六十年来的高等教育改革与发展";项目编号:09YJC880012;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"研究生培养模式与国家创新体系建设的国际比较研究";项目编号:2009JJD880003;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"世界一流大学的形成与发展规律研究"

摘　　要：如何处理政府调控与高校自治的关系是建立现代大学制度的关键,也是各国高等教育改革的焦点。经过20世纪90年代以来的新公共管理改革,德国政府放弃了对高校进行细节干预的传统外部管理体制,改为通过高等学校法、目标协定、总体预算和绩效拨款等方式进行宏观调控。高校内部管理也由传统的学术自主管理模式转向管理主义模式:学术自主管理委员会的权限被消弱,校长和院长层面的管理权力得到加强,同时成立了高校理事会作为高校的决策或咨询机构。因为我国有着与德国相似的改革目标,而且德国与我国一样具有政府管理高校的传统,所以改革后的德国高等教育管理模式尤为适合为我国高等教育管理体制改革提供参考。The relationship between government control and university autonomy is a key issue need to be addressed in higher education reform. Since the New Public Management reform in 1990s,patterns of governance in German higher education has changed from traditional external governance at the micro level to governance at the macro level by the means of legislation,budgetary processes and performance-based funding. The internal governance of universities also has changed from the traditional model emphasizing academic autonomy to the new managerialist model focusing on efficiency. That is to say,the power of Academic Council has been reduced to a great extent,while the Executive Branch,such as university and college presidents,is given much more authority. In addition,University Council is established to function as the decision-making body or advisory board of the school. Since both China and Germany have a long history of the government controlling higher education,lessons drawn from the German experience will be especially helpful for higher education reform in China today

关 键 词：新公共管理 新调控模式 现代大学制度 高等教育管理 德国大学 

分 类 号：G649.516[文化科学—高等教育学]