新型铁路机车牵引齿轮油的研究  

Study on New Type Traction Gear Oil for Railway Locomotive

作　　者：李英姿[1] 许海东[2] 彭勇[3] 童宗文[1] 高海祥[2] 刘晓峰[1] 潘仁发 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]北京铁路局丰台机务段,北京100070 [3]南昌铁路局南昌机务段,江西南昌330001 [4]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2014年第2期136-144,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所所基金资助项目(1052JH0801)

摘　　要：为满足提速、重载新型内燃、电力机车齿轮润滑的需要,在原8K齿轮油的基础上,研制新型铁路机车牵引齿轮油(简称新型油)。选用精制矿物油与合成油的复合油作为新型油的基础油;采用正交方法筛选和优化抗磨剂与油性剂、抗氧剂、防锈防腐蚀剂、破乳剂和抗泡剂等添加剂的配伍。新型油改善了原8K齿轮油的运动黏度、闪点、抗泡性能和烧结负荷等技术指标。经室内理化性能综合评定,新型油的极压抗磨性、防锈防腐蚀性、抗乳化性、抗泡性等性能都达到或超过原8K齿轮油。经过在3台8K型电力机车和3台DF11及DF4D型内燃机车上为期1年的现场试验和考察结果表明:新型油的剪切安定性能优于原8K齿轮油,抗氧化、抗磨及润滑性能与原8K齿轮油相当;新型油与原8K齿轮油混合后的润滑效果与原8K齿轮油相当,两者没有相互间的不良影响。因此,新型油可以替代原8K齿轮油在我国铁路机车上使用。To meet gear lubrication needs of increased-speed and heavy-load new type diesel and electric locomotives,on the base of the former 8K gear oil,the new type traction gear oil for railway locomotive （new type oil for short） was developed.The complex oil of refined mineral oil and synthetic oil was selected as the base oil of the new type oil.Its additives formulation of anti-wear agents and oily agents,antioxidants,rust inhibitors,demulsifiers and anti-foam agents were screened and optimized by using orthogonal method.Compared to the former 8K gear oil,the new type oil improved and modified the technical indexes of viscosity,flash point,antifoam property and weld load.Through the comprehensive evaluation of laboratory physical and chemical properties,it showed that the new type oil got or was super to the former 8K gear oil on such main properties as extreme pressure anti-wear,anti-rusty,corrosion protection,antiemulsibility and antifoam property,etc.After a period of one-year field test study on three 8K type electric locomotives and three DF4D,DF11 diesel locomotives,the results showed that the new type oil possessed better shear stability performance than the former 8K gear oil,and equivalent characteristics as the latter in anti-oxidation,anti-wear and lubricating properties.Moreover,the new type oil mixed with the former 8K gear oil had the equivalent lubricating effect with the former 8K gear oil,and there were no adverse effects between them.Therefore,the new type oil can well replace the former 8K gear oil for the locomotives on China＇s railway.

关 键 词：牵引齿轮油 铁路机车 基础油 添加剂 理化性能 

分 类 号：U268.54[机械工程—车辆工程]